Gap Junctions and the Regulation of Cellular Functions of Stem Cells during Development and Differentiation

Methods ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Trosko ◽  
Chia-Cheng Chang ◽  
Melinda R. Wilson ◽  
Brad Upham ◽  
Tomonori Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Development And Differentiation

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effect of Hypoxic Environment in Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Sevil Özer ◽  
H. Seda Vatansever ◽  
Feyzan Özdal-Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Hypoxic Condition ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Technique ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are used to repair hypoxic or ischemic tissue. After hypoxic the level of ATP is decreases, cellular functions do not continue and apoptosis or necrosis occur. Apoptosis is a progress of programmed cell death that occurs in normal or pathological conditions. In this study, we were investigated the hypoxic effect on apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cell. Bone marrow-derived stem cells were cultured in hypoxic (1% or 3%) or normoxic conditions 24, 96 well plates for 36 h. Cell viability was shown by MTT assay on 36 h. After fixation of cells with 4% paraformaldehyde, distributions of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax with indirect immunoperoxidase technique, apoptotic cells with TUNEL assay were investigated. All staining results were evaluated using H-score analyses method with ANOVA, statistically. As a result, hypoxic condition was toxic for human mesenchymal stem cells and the number of death cell was higher in that than normoxic condition.

Unexplored functions of sex hormones in glioblastoma cancer stem cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyeun Lee ◽  
Katie Troike ◽  
R’ay Fodor ◽  
Justin D Lathia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Organismal Development

Abstract Biological sex impacts a wide array of molecular and cellular functions that impact organismal development and can influence disease trajectory in a variety of pathophysiological states. In non-reproductive cancers, epidemiological sex differences have been observed in a series of tumors, and recent work has identified previously unappreciated sex differences in molecular genetics and immune response. However, the extent of these sex differences in terms of drivers of tumor growth and therapeutic response is less clear. In glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, there is a male bias in incidence and outcome, and key genetic and epigenetic differences, as well as differences in immune response driven by immune-suppressive myeloid populations, have recently been revealed. Glioblastoma is a prototypic tumor in which cellular heterogeneity is driven by populations of therapeutically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that underlie tumor growth and recurrence. There is emerging evidence that GBM CSCs may show a sex difference, with male tumor cells showing enhanced self-renewal, but how sex differences impact CSC function is not clear. In this mini-review, we focus on how sex hormones may impact CSCs in GBM and implications for other cancers with a pronounced CSC population. We also explore opportunities to leverage new models to better understand the contribution of sex hormones versus sex chromosomes to CSC function. With the rising interest in sex differences in cancer, there is an immediate need to understand the extent to which sex differences impact tumor growth, including effects on CSC function.

scholarly journals Photothermal modulation of human stem cells using light-responsive 2D nanomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (24) ◽  
pp. 13329-13338
Author(s):  
James K. Carrow ◽  
Kanwar Abhay Singh ◽  
Manish K. Jaiswal ◽  
Adelina Ramirez ◽  
Giriraj Lokhande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Transcriptome ◽  
Stimulation Of

Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanomaterials are an emerging class of biomaterials that are photoresponsive at near-infrared wavelengths (NIR). Here, we demonstrate the ability of 2D MoS2to modulate cellular functions of human stem cells through photothermal mechanisms. The interaction of MoS2and NIR stimulation of MoS2with human stem cells is investigated using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Global gene expression profile of stem cells reveals significant influence of MoS2and NIR stimulation of MoS2on integrins, cellular migration, and wound healing. The combination of MoS2and NIR light may provide new approaches to regulate and direct these cellular functions for the purposes of regenerative medicine as well as cancer therapy.

scholarly journals EP 4 Antagonist‐Elicited Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Cognition/Learning Deficiencies by Restoring Brain Cellular Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih‐Yin Chen ◽  
Meng‐Chieh Lin ◽  
Jia‐Shiuan Tsai ◽  
Pei‐Lin He ◽  
Wen‐Ting Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cellular Functions

scholarly journals Tumor-Progressive Mechanisms Mediating miRNA–Protein Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12303
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Konishi ◽  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Kenji Takahashi ◽  
Mikihiro Fujiya
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Development And Differentiation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded short-chain RNAs that are endogenously expressed in vertebrates; they are considered the fine-tuners of cellular protein expression that act by modifying mRNA translation. miRNAs control tissue development and differentiation, cell growth, and apoptosis in cancer and non-cancer cells. Aberrant regulation of miRNAs is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. Numerous investigations have shown that the changes in cellular miRNA expression in cancerous tissues and extracellular miRNAs enclosed in exosomes are correlated with cancer prognosis. Therefore, miRNAs can be used as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer in clinical applications. In the previous decade, miRNAs have been shown to regulate cellular functions by directly binding to proteins and mRNAs, thereby controlling cancer progression. This regulatory system implies that cancer-associated miRNAs can be applied as molecular-targeted therapy. This review discusses the roles of miRNA–protein systems in cancer progression and its future applications in cancer treatment.

Transplantation of collagen sponge-based three-dimensional neural stem cells cultured in the RCCS system facilitate locomotor functional recovery in spinal cord injury animals

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwu Dai ◽  
Yunlong Zou ◽  
Yanyun Yin ◽  
Zhifeng Xiao ◽  
Yannan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Sponge ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cells Cultured

Numerous studies have indicated that microgravity induces various changes in the cellular functions of neural stem cells (NSCs), and the use of microgravity to culture tissue engineering seed cells for...

Gap Junctions and Connexon Hemichannels in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Stem Cells ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1654-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Huettner ◽  
Aiwu Lu ◽  
Yun Qu ◽  
Yingji Wu ◽  
Mijeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem
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