Selective Expression of Nkx-2.2 Transcription Factor in Chicken Oligodendrocyte Progenitors and Implications for the Embryonic Origin of Oligodendrocytes

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Xu ◽  
Jun Cai ◽  
Hui Fu ◽  
Rui Wu ◽  
Yingchuan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitors ◽  
Selective Expression ◽  
Embryonic Origin

Frequent Dysregulation of the c-maf Proto-Oncogene at 16q23 by Translocation to an Ig Locus in Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 4457-4463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Chesi ◽  
P. Leif Bergsagel ◽  
Oluwatoyin O. Shonukan ◽  
Maria Luisa Martelli ◽  
Leslie A. Brents ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Igh Locus ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Selective Expression ◽  
Translocation Breakpoints ◽  
Chromosomal Loci

Dysregulation of oncogenes by translocation to an IgH (14q32) or IgL (κ, 2p11 or λ, 22q11) locus is a frequent event in the pathogenesis of B-cell tumors. Translocations involving an IgH locus and a diverse but nonrandom array of chromosomal loci occur in most multiple myeloma (MM) tumors even though the translocations often are not detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis. In a continuing analysis of translocations in 21 MM lines, we show that the novel, karyotypically silent t(14;16)(q32.3;q23) translocation is present in 5 MM lines, with cloned breakpoints from 4 lines dispersed over an approximately 500-kb region centromeric to the c-maf proto-oncogene at 16q23. Another line has a t(16;22)(q23;q11), with the breakpoint telomeric to c-maf, so that the translocation breakpoints in these 6 lines bracket c-maf. Only these 6 lines overexpress c-mafmRNA. As predicted for dysregulation of c-maf by translocation, there is selective expression of one c-maf allele in 2 informative lines with translocations. This is the first human tumor in which the basic zipper c-maf transcription factor is shown to function as an oncogene.

scholarly journals Tp63-expressing adult epithelial stem cells cross lineages boundaries revealing latent hairy skin competence

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Claudinot ◽  
Jun-Ichi Sakabe ◽  
Hideo Oshima ◽  
Christèle Gonneau ◽  
Thimios Mitsiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Lineage Markers

Abstract The formation of hair follicles, a landmark of mammals, requires complex mesenchymal–epithelial interactions and it is commonly believed that embryonic epidermal cells are the only cells that can respond to hair follicle morphogenetic signals in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that epithelial stem cells of non-skin origin (e.g. that of cornea, oesophagus, vagina, bladder, prostate) that express the transcription factor Tp63, a master gene for the development of epidermis and its appendages, can respond to skin morphogenetic signals. When exposed to a newborn skin microenvironment, these cells express hair-follicle lineage markers and contribute to hair follicles, sebaceous glands and/or epidermis renewal. Our results demonstrate that lineage restriction is not immutable and support the notion that all Tp63-expressing epithelial stem cells, independently of their embryonic origin, have latent skin competence explaining why aberrant hair follicles or sebaceous glands are sometimes observed in non-skin tissues (e.g. in cornea, vagina or thymus).

scholarly journals The human Pim-1 gene is selectively transcribed in different hemato-lymphoid cell lines in spite of a G + C-rich housekeeping promoter.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1680-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
T C Meeker ◽  
J Loeb ◽  
M Ayres ◽  
W Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Selective Expression ◽  
Lymphoid Cell Lines ◽  
Promoter Deletions

The expression of the Pim-1 proto-oncogene was studied by using the K562, Daudi, and Jurkat cell lines. In K562, Pim-1 mRNA levels were more than 20-fold higher than in Daudi and 50-fold higher than in Jurkat. Nuclear run-on assay data correlated directly with the steady-state mRNA levels, suggesting that the rate of transcription was responsible for the selective expression of this gene. Furthermore, the half-life of Pim-1 mRNA was shown to be 47 min in K562, 71 min in Daudi, and 35 min in Jurkat. This indicated that selective Pim-1 mRNA expression did not depend on posttranscriptional regulation. Therefore, 1.7 kilobases of the Pim-1 promoter was sequenced and studied in detail. The sequence showed that the region from nucleotide -1 to -873 was G + C rich (71%). Study of promoter deletions defined two major functional regions, a proximal element (nucleotide -104 to -1) and a distal element (nucleotide -427 to -336). DNase I protection assays identified binding sites for the Sp1 and AP2 proteins in these elements. A possible new transcription factor binds at position -348 in the distal element. In our study of the 1.7-kilobase Pim-1 promoter, we found no differences between K562 and Jurkat that could explain large differences in transcription. Therefore, the Pim-1 promoter appears to function constitutively, and we conclude that distant elements must regulate the tissue-selective expression of this gene. Although the Pim-1 gene has a G + C-rich housekeeping promoter, expression is carefully regulated at the level of transcription.

Frequent Dysregulation of the c-maf Proto-Oncogene at 16q23 by Translocation to an Ig Locus in Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 4457-4463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Chesi ◽  
P. Leif Bergsagel ◽  
Oluwatoyin O. Shonukan ◽  
Maria Luisa Martelli ◽  
Leslie A. Brents ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Igh Locus ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Selective Expression ◽  
Translocation Breakpoints ◽  
Chromosomal Loci

Abstract Dysregulation of oncogenes by translocation to an IgH (14q32) or IgL (κ, 2p11 or λ, 22q11) locus is a frequent event in the pathogenesis of B-cell tumors. Translocations involving an IgH locus and a diverse but nonrandom array of chromosomal loci occur in most multiple myeloma (MM) tumors even though the translocations often are not detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis. In a continuing analysis of translocations in 21 MM lines, we show that the novel, karyotypically silent t(14;16)(q32.3;q23) translocation is present in 5 MM lines, with cloned breakpoints from 4 lines dispersed over an approximately 500-kb region centromeric to the c-maf proto-oncogene at 16q23. Another line has a t(16;22)(q23;q11), with the breakpoint telomeric to c-maf, so that the translocation breakpoints in these 6 lines bracket c-maf. Only these 6 lines overexpress c-mafmRNA. As predicted for dysregulation of c-maf by translocation, there is selective expression of one c-maf allele in 2 informative lines with translocations. This is the first human tumor in which the basic zipper c-maf transcription factor is shown to function as an oncogene.

Control of oligodendrocyte differentiation by the Nkx2.2 homeodomain transcription factor

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (14) ◽  
pp. 2723-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingchuan Qi ◽  
Jun Cai ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Rui Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Proteolipid Protein ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitors ◽  
Homeodomain Transcription Factor ◽  
Ventral Neural Tube ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
Astrocytic Differentiation ◽  
Astrocyte Differentiation

Oligodendrocytes are derived from glial precursors that arise from the ventral neural tube early in development. In the developing chicken CNS, oligodendrocyte progenitors selectively express Nkx2.2 homeodomain transcription factor, raising the possibility that Nkx2.2 may directly regulate oligogliogenesis. In this study, we have examined Nkx2.2 expression in rodent glial precursors and studied the effect of a loss of Nkx2.2 on oligodendrocyte and astrocyte differentiation. We show that Nkx2.2 is also expressed in mammalian oligodendrocyte progenitors and that the differentiation of MBP-positive and PLP-DM20-positive oligodendrocytes is dramatically retarded in Nkx2.2-null mutants along the entire rostrocaudal axis. In contrast, no effect is seen on astrocytic differentiation. Interestingly, absence of Nkx2.2 expression leads to a ventral expansion of the Olig1/Olig2 expression in neuroepithelial cells into the Nkx2.2 domain and a consequent increase in the production of Olig1/Olig2-positive and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive oligodendrocyte progenitors. These results strongly suggest that Nkx2.2 regulates the differentiation and/or maturation, but not the initial specification, of oligodendrocyte progenitors. Consistent with this suggestion, overproduction of Nkx2.2 protein in fibroblast cells can induce gene expression from the proteolipid protein promoter.

scholarly journals Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Differentiate into Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Using the Expression of Olig2 Transcription Factor

2015 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Askari ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Yaghoobi ◽  
Mehdi Shamsara ◽  
Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitors ◽  
Human Dental Pulp

The human Pim-1 gene is selectively transcribed in different hemato-lymphoid cell lines in spite of a G + C-rich housekeeping promoter

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1680-1688
Author(s):  
T C Meeker ◽  
J Loeb ◽  
M Ayres ◽  
W Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Selective Expression ◽  
Lymphoid Cell Lines ◽  
Promoter Deletions

The expression of the Pim-1 proto-oncogene was studied by using the K562, Daudi, and Jurkat cell lines. In K562, Pim-1 mRNA levels were more than 20-fold higher than in Daudi and 50-fold higher than in Jurkat. Nuclear run-on assay data correlated directly with the steady-state mRNA levels, suggesting that the rate of transcription was responsible for the selective expression of this gene. Furthermore, the half-life of Pim-1 mRNA was shown to be 47 min in K562, 71 min in Daudi, and 35 min in Jurkat. This indicated that selective Pim-1 mRNA expression did not depend on posttranscriptional regulation. Therefore, 1.7 kilobases of the Pim-1 promoter was sequenced and studied in detail. The sequence showed that the region from nucleotide -1 to -873 was G + C rich (71%). Study of promoter deletions defined two major functional regions, a proximal element (nucleotide -104 to -1) and a distal element (nucleotide -427 to -336). DNase I protection assays identified binding sites for the Sp1 and AP2 proteins in these elements. A possible new transcription factor binds at position -348 in the distal element. In our study of the 1.7-kilobase Pim-1 promoter, we found no differences between K562 and Jurkat that could explain large differences in transcription. Therefore, the Pim-1 promoter appears to function constitutively, and we conclude that distant elements must regulate the tissue-selective expression of this gene. Although the Pim-1 gene has a G + C-rich housekeeping promoter, expression is carefully regulated at the level of transcription.

scholarly journals Current status of the hypothesis of a claustro-insular homolog in sauropsids.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Puelles
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Current Status ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Selective Expression ◽  
Molecular Profiles ◽  
Definition Of

The author worked before on the wide problem of the evolution of the vertebrate pallium. He proposed various Bauplan models based in the definition of a set of pallial sectors with characteristic (topologically invariant) mutual relationships and distinct molecular profiles. Out of one of these models, known as the ‘updated tetrapartite pallium model’, a modified definition of the earlier lateral pallium sector (LPall) emerged, which characterized it in mammals as consisting of an unitary claustro-insular transitional (mesocortical) complex intercalated between neocortex or dorsal pallium (DPall) above and olfactory cortex or ventral pallium (VPall) underneath. A distinctive molecular marker of the early-born deep claustral component of the LPall was found to be the transcription factor Nr4a2, which is not expressed significantly in the overlying insular cortex or in adjoining cortical territories (Puelles 2014). Given that earlier comparative studies had identified molecularly and topologically comparable VPall, LPall and DPall sectors in the avian pallium, an avian Nr4a2 probe was applied aiming to identify the reportedly absent avian claustro-insular complex. An early-born superficial subpopulation of the avian LPall that expresses selectively this marker through development was indeed found. This was proposed to be a claustrum homolog, whereas the remaining Nr4a2-negative avian LPall cells were assumed to represent a possible insular homolog (Puelles et al. 2016a). This last notion was supported by comparable selective expression of the mouse insular marker Cyp26b, also found restricted to the avian LPall (Puelles 2017). Some published data suggested that similar molecular properties and structure apply at the reptilian LPall. This analysis was reviewed in Puelles et al. (2017). The present commentary discusses 3-4 years later some international publications accrued in the interval that touch on the claustro-insular homology hypothesis. Some of them are opposed to the hypothesis whereas others corroborate or support it. This raises a number of secondary issues of general interest.

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