Comparative Studies on Xanthoria Parietina, a Pollution Resistant Lichen, and Ramalina Duriaei, a Sensitive Species. II. Evaluation of Possible Air Pollution-Protection Mechanisms

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Silberstein ◽  
B. Z. Siegel ◽  
S. M. Siegel ◽  
A. Mukhtar ◽  
M. Galun
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Induced Tolerance ◽  
Protective Systems

AbstractSurveys of the distribution of the lichens Xanthoria panetina and Ramalina duriaei in Israel showed that environments with air pollution had no damaging effectson X. panetina, whereas R. duriaei had disappeared from polluted environments: physiological studies supported this relative sensitivity. Investigations of possible defence mechanisms protecting X. parietina from the damaging effects of air pollution showed a multitude of possible protective systems. These included constitutive avoidance such as: efficient buffering capacity; a relatively high potassium content; and antioxidation by parietin, and induced tolerance such as: SO2 oxidation to non-toxic sulphate; increased glutathione content; induced praline and arginine synthesis; and increased detoxification of active oxygen forms.

Comparative Studies on Xanthoria Parietina, a Pollution Resistant Lichen, and Ramalina Duriaei, a Sensitive Species. I. Effects of Air Pollution on Physiological Processes

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Silberstein ◽  
B. Z. Siegel ◽  
S. M. Siegel ◽  
A. Mukhtar ◽  
M. Galun
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Clean Air

AbstractXanthona parietina thalli were collected from a ‘clean-air’ location and from a polluted area. Ramalina duriaei thalli were collected from the same ‘clean-air’ location and some thalli were transplanted to air polluted locations, where R. duriaei no longer occurs. The effects of air contaminants on these two lichens were compared under controlled laboratory conditions and in field experiments. Air contaminants and exposure to bisulphite ions had little or no damaging effect on X. parietina, whereas severe damage was caused to R. duriaei, as judged by chlorophyll degradation, autofluorescence of photobionts, photosynthetic activity, membrane integrity and ATP content. The different responses presented confirm the sensitivity of R. duriaei and resistance of X. parietina to air pollution.

Nitrogen tolerance in the lichen Xanthoria parietina: the sensitive side of a resistant species

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Munzi ◽  
Cristina Branquinho ◽  
Cristina Cruz ◽  
Stefano Loppi
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina

To investigate the mechanisms of nitrogen (N) tolerance in lichens, we examined the physiological responses to increased N availability in different functional groups. Thalli of the nitrophytic Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. previously grown both in an N-poor environment (~2 kg N ha–1 year–1) and in an N-rich environment (~52 kg N ha–1 year–1) were compared with the oligotrophic species Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. and Usnea sp. Lichens were submitted to ammonium treatments. Maximum PSII efficiency, redistribution of the ions between the intra- and extracellular compartments and potassium and magnesium concentrations were the parameters used to check for the effects of N supply. The buffering capacity of the lichen extracts was also determined in untreated lichen thalli to check if different lichen behaviours were due to their ability to maintain the pH. The results showed a more similar response between X. parietina from the N-poor environment and the N-sensitive species than between X. parietina from the N-poor and N-rich environments, suggesting that X. parietina achieved N-tolerance after long-term exposure to N-rich environment. These results are important in understanding the effects of chronic ammonium pollution on one of the most sensitive components of the ecosystem, linking physiological response and ecological consequences.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN BELT AROUND INDUSTRIES IN ASSAM USING SELECTIVE TREE AND PLANT SPECIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 610-613
Author(s):  
Jiban Jyoti Das
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Green Belt ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Air Pollution Tolerance Index

Industrialization is an important aspect of a growing economy. However, rapid industrialization has caused many serious impacts on the environment. One such impact is the deteriorating air quality, especially around industries. It is said that afforestation is the best and simplest way for improving the air quality. Also, trees and plants have been increasingly used as filters for dust particles around the home, traffic roads, etc. In scientific studies, it has also been found that trees and plant leaves can be used to assess the ambient air quality by an index called the Air pollution tolerance index. A literature search has been done on the scientific database like Sciencedirect and Researchgate to review the existing knowledge of Air pollution tolerance index and to find the tolerant and sensitive species based on it so that these species can be selectively planted to assess the ambient air quality and also to develop a better green belt around refineries and industries in Assam. The study has reviewed the linkage of the impact of air pollution on leaves of plants and trees through scientific evidence. Through such scientific reviews, the most tolerant species of trees and plants were chosen with the condition that it can grow under the climatic condition of Assam. The recommendation and suggestions of tolerant tree and plant species can be used for specific species plantations for developing green belts around refineries and industries in Assam. The recommendation of sensitive species can be used for monitoring ambient air quality with reference to other standard procedures. KEYWORDS: Air pollution tolerance index, Industries, Air- pollution, Green belt

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of Exhaust Pollution Monitoring Sensor Based on Photonic Crystal Fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aseel I. Mahmood ◽  
Shehab A. Kadhim ◽  
Nadia F. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Transmission Band ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Crystal Fiber

Many critical issues appear due to the exhaust gases from transportations facilities, electric generators, industries, and so on. This lead to air pollution, which could be define as an introduction of biological materials or chemicals that’s causes harm to all living organism including humans. Also damaging the environment of earth. The principal gases that cause air pollution from these sources are nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2 and N2O) and carbon oxides (CO and CO2). There is a need to develop sensors that are characterized by highly-sensitive and miniaturize that capable of real-time analyses detection; optical fiber sensors agree with these needs. In this work, Large Mode Area- Polarization Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber (LMA-PM-PCF) for exhaust gases monitoring have been proposed to detect air-polluted gases over a wide transmission band covering (1µm) to (2µm) wavelength. Different guiding properties had been studied for the infiltrated PCFs. According to simulated results, the high relative sensitivity is obtained for sample infiltrated with CO gas; The higher sensitivity makes this fiber a potential candidate to detect CO that is commonly known as silent killer.

Assessing the Chemical Sensitivity of Freshwater Fish Commonly Used in Toxicological Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Teather ◽  
Joanne Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Abstract Using information from published studies, the relative sensitivity of various freshwater fish to a range of chemicals was examined. Specifically, the objectives were to: (1) determine which species are used most often in toxicity tests, (2) assess the relative sensitivity of these species to various chemicals, and (3) determine whether the two most commonly tested species exhibit differences in their relative sensitivity to different classes of chemicals. Fathead minnows, rainbow trout and bluegill sunfish were the three most commonly used species in 96-h LC50 tests. Of the nine species examined, coho salmon and rainbow trout were the most sensitive species to 190 chemicals, while goldfish and carp were the least sensitive. Fathead minnows and rainbow trout were not equally sensitive to 13 different classes of chemicals; for example, while trout were significantly more sensitive to metals, fathead minnows were more sensitive to hydrocarbons. Such comparisons are expected to be useful for predicting the relative responses of different species to previously untested chemicals in such groups, and in gaining insight into physiological modes of action.

Relative Sensitivity of Several Plants to Dinoseb

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schroeder ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Root Bioassay ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

The I50values obtained with preemergence applications of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb) for shoot and root growth in soil, or root growth in a bioassay were determined for 68 plant varieties representing 66 species. The I50values in soil indicate a difference of more than 240 fold between the most sensitive species, shepherdspurse (Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.) Medic.) and the most tolerant species, peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.). The correlations among the I50values for shoot and root growth in soil and the root bioassay were significant. The I50values between susceptibility of plants to soil-applied dinoseb and their seed size are correlated significantly. Large-seeded plant species and larger seeds within varieties, in general, were more tolerant to dinoseb than small-seeded species and smaller seeds within a given variety. However, there appeared to be other factors involved in susceptibility. For example, there were differences in response among families; the Leguminosae were the most tolerant, while the Solanaceae and Cruciferae were particularly susceptible.

scholarly journals Lichens as bioindicators of air quality in Dimitrovgrad (South-Eastern Serbia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stamenkovic ◽  
M. Cvijan ◽  
Mirjana Arandjelovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Parmelia Sulcata ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Normal Zone ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Pollution Detection

Air pollution detection in Dimitrovgrad has not been done yet. In this work different lichen have been used as a bioindication to establish different air pollution levels. At 18 investigated points 22 lichen taxa have been found. Using the Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) it has been found that there are 3 different air pollution zones in Dimitrovgrad: 'lichen desert', 'transitional' and 'normal zone'. The most sensitive lichen taxa in Dimitrovgrad are Evernia prunastra, Ochrolechia pallescens, Parmelia sulcata, and Physcia tenella and the most tolerant are Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia adscendens, Physconia distorta, Physconia grisea, and Xanthoria parietina. .

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