scholarly journals Artificial reef design: void space, complexity, and attractants

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. S196-S200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R SHERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Space Complexity ◽  
Void Space

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of the Flow Effect of the Menger-Type Artificial Reefs with Different Void Space Complexity Indices

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Xinxin Wang ◽  
Xianyi Liu ◽  
Yanli Tang ◽  
Fenfang Zhao ◽  
Yan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Space Complexity ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Spatial Complexity ◽  
Complexity Index ◽  
Reef Models

Based on fractal theory, a regular fractal is used to construct symmetrical reef models (e.g., cube and triangle reef models) with different fractal levels (n = 1, 2, 3). Using the concept of fractal dimension, we can better understand the spatial effectiveness of artificial reefs. The void space complexity index is defined to quantify the complexity of the internal spatial distribution of artificial reefs models under different levels. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow simulation approach was used to investigate the effects of void space complexity on the flow field performances of the symmetrical artificial reef models. The upwelling convection index (Hupwelling/HAR, Vupwelling/VAR), wake recirculating index (Lwake/LAR, Vwake/VAR) and non-dimensionalized velocity ratio range were used to evaluate the efficiency of the flow field effect inside or around artificial reefs. The surface area and spatial complexity index of artificial reefs increase with increasing fractal level. The numerical simulation data shows that the Menger-type artificial reef models with a higher spatial complexity index have better flow field performances in the upwelling and wake regions. Compared to the traditional artificial reef models, the upwelling convection index (Vupwelling/VAR) and recirculating index (Vwake/VAR) of n = 3 fractal cube artificial reef increase by 37.5% and 46.8%, respectively. The efficiency indices of the upwelling region and wake region around the fractal triangle artificial reef model are 2–3 times those of the fractal cube artificial reef model when the fractal level is 3.

Conditions of formation and development of the void space at great depths

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Kerimov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Osipov ◽  
R.N. Mustaev ◽  
L.I. Minligalieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Void Space

Quantum Mechanical Interpretation of the Ultra-Low Energy Methyl-Rotation Dynamics in Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks Probed by Low-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy and ab initio Simulations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Adam J. Zaczek ◽  
Timothy M. Korter ◽  
J. Axel Zeitler ◽  
Michael T. Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rotor Dynamics ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Ab Initio Simulations ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Insight Into

<div>Understanding the nature of the interatomic interactions present within the pores of metal-organic frameworks</div><div>is critical in order to design and utilize advanced materials</div><div>with desirable applications. In ZIF-8 and its cobalt analogue</div><div>ZIF-67, the imidazolate methyl-groups, which point directly</div><div>into the void space, have been shown to freely rotate - even</div><div>down to cryogenic temperatures. Using a combination of ex-</div><div>perimental terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, low-frequency</div><div>Raman spectroscopy, and state-of-the-art ab initio simulations,</div><div>the methyl-rotor dynamics in ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 are fully charac-</div><div>terized within the context of a quantum-mechanical hindered-</div><div>rotor model. The results lend insight into the fundamental</div><div>origins of the experimentally observed methyl-rotor dynamics,</div><div>and provide valuable insight into the nature of the weak inter-</div><div>actions present within this important class of materials.</div>

WAVE TRANSMITION, REFLECTION AND SET-UP PROPERTIES OF A NEWLY DEVELOPED PERMEABLE ARTIFICIAL REEF

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. I_763-I_768
Author(s):  
Nobutoshi MIYAZATO ◽  
Eizo NAKAZA ◽  
Satoshi TANAKA ◽  
Masahiro FUKUMORI ◽  
Carolyn SCHAAB
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Set Up

scholarly journals X-ray and Neutron Study on the Structure of Hydrous SiO2 Glass up to 10 GPa

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Urakawa ◽  
Toru Inoue ◽  
Takanori Hattori ◽  
Asami Sano-Furukawa ◽  
Shinji Kohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Glasses ◽  
Void Space ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Amorphous Sio2 ◽  
Sio2 Glass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
A Minor

The structure of hydrous amorphous SiO2 is fundamental in order to investigate the effects of water on the physicochemical properties of oxide glasses and magma. The hydrous SiO2 glass with 13 wt.% D2O was synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions and its structure was investigated by small angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction, and neutron diffraction experiments at pressures of up to 10 GPa and room temperature. This hydrous glass is separated into two phases: a major phase rich in SiO2 and a minor phase rich in D2O molecules distributed as small domains with dimensions of less than 100 Å. Medium-range order of the hydrous glass shrinks compared to the anhydrous SiO2 glass by disruption of SiO4 linkage due to the formation of Si–OD deuterioxyl, while the response of its structure to pressure is almost the same as that of the anhydrous SiO2 glass. Most of D2O molecules are in the small domains and hardly penetrate into the void space in the ring consisting of SiO4 tetrahedra.

scholarly journals Lipidomics of facial sebum in the comparison between acne and non-acne adolescents with dark skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obumneme Emeka Okoro ◽  
Adebomi Adenle ◽  
Matteo Ludovici ◽  
Mauro Truglio ◽  
Federico Marini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Dark Skin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Percentage

AbstractLipidomics is advantageous in the study of sebum perturbations occurring in acne. An extended evaluation of the sebum lipid profiles in acne-prone sebaceous areas is lacking in dark skin. Yet, there is a void space in understanding how the building blocks of sebum lipids, i.e. individual fatty acids (FAs), are intertwined with acne-prone skin. We aimed to determine the sebum lipidome in facial areas of adolescents with and without acne in Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 60 adolescents/young adults divided in 30 acne patients (15F, 15M) and 30 age and sex-matched controls. Sebum samples obtained from foreheads and cheeks were analysed separately by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) and thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Distributions of sebum components were investigated with multivariate ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Sebum incretion in acne was paralleled by significantly higher abundance of triglycerides, wax esters, and squalene together with monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and straight chain saturated FAs (SFAs), especially those with odd-carbon chain, i.e. C13:0, C15:0, and C17:0. Profiling weight/weight percentage of individual components revealed that, in acne, the free FAs (FFAs) array was shifted towards higher relative abundance of the SFAs C15:0, C16:0, and C17:0 and lower percentage of the anteiso-branched FFAs with 12, 14, 16, and 18 carbons. In acne patients, MUFAs and PUFAs were quantitatively increased and decreased on foreheads and cheeks, respectively. Relative abundance of fatty alcohols was decreased in acne independent on the site. The results indicated that acne associates with site-specific derangement of the pathways regulating the balance among odd straight-chain and branched-chain SFAs, MUFAs, which included sapienate (C16:1n-10), PUFAs, and squalene.

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