Immune Defense Mechanisms of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) against Candida albicans Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
José B Da Silva ◽  
Cleide M.R De Albuquerque ◽  
Eva Cristina De Araújo ◽  
Christina A Peixoto ◽  
Hilary Hurd
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection

scholarly journals CD137 Signaling Is Critical in Fungal Clearance during Systemic Candida albicans Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Vuvi G. Tran ◽  
Na N. Z. Nguyen ◽  
Byungsuk Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Agonistic Antibody ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Surface Receptor ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection

Invasive fungal infections by Candida albicans frequently cause mortality in immunocompromised patients. Neutrophils are particularly important for fungal clearance during systemic C. albican infection, yet little has been known regarding which surface receptor controls neutrophils’ antifungal activities. CD137, which is encoded by Tnfrsf9, belongs to the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily and has been shown to regulate neutrophils in Gram-positive bacterial infection. Here, we used genetic and immunological tools to probe the involvement of neutrophil CD137 signaling in innate defense mechanisms against systemic C. albicans infection. We first found that Tnfrsf9−/− mice were susceptible to C. albicans infection, whereas injection of anti-CD137 agonistic antibody protected the host from infection, suggesting that CD137 signaling is indispensable for innate immunity against C. albicans infection. Priming of isolated neutrophils with anti-CD137 antibody promoted their phagocytic and fungicidal activities through phospholipase C. In addition, injection of anti-CD137 antibody significantly augmented restriction of fungal growth in Tnfrsf9−/− mice that received wild-type (WT) neutrophils. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CD137 signaling contributes to defense mechanisms against systemic C. albicans infection by promoting rapid fungal clearance.

scholarly journals Interplay between Candida albicans and the Antimicrobial Peptide Armory

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 950-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Swidergall ◽  
Joachim F. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Basal Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Molecular Patterns

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key elements of innate immunity, which can directly kill multiple bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. The medically important fungusCandida albicanscolonizes different host niches as part of the normal human microbiota. Proliferation ofC. albicansis regulated through a complex balance of host immune defense mechanisms and fungal responses. Expression of AMPs against pathogenic fungi is differentially regulated and initiated by interactions of a variety of fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on human cells. Inflammatory signaling and other environmental stimuli are also essential to control fungal proliferation and to prevent parasitism. To persist in the host,C. albicanshas developed a three-phase AMP evasion strategy, including secretion of peptide effectors, AMP efflux pumps, and regulation of signaling pathways. These mechanisms preventC. albicansfrom the antifungal activity of the major AMP classes, including cathelicidins, histatins, and defensins leading to a basal resistance. This minireview summarizes human AMP attack andC. albicansresistance mechanisms and current developments in the use of AMPs as antifungal agents.

Studies on defense mechanisms against Candida albicans infection in congenitally athymicnude (nu/nu) mice

1984 ◽  
Vol 84 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tabeta ◽  
Yuzuru Mikami ◽  
Fumihiko Abe ◽  
Yuuta Ommura ◽  
Tadashi Arai
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection

THE INFLUENCE OF WHOLE SONICATE BRUCELLA ABORTUS ANTIGEN ON THE CANDIDA ALBICANS INFECTION IN MICE

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
A M.J ◽  
A S.S ◽  
A I.A ◽  
A Al-Oubaidy ◽  
A Alwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection

Suppression of humoral response during the course of Candida albicans infection in mice

1984 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Valdez ◽  
Oscar Enrique Meson ◽  
Graciela Aciar de Valdez ◽  
Angel Sirena
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection

scholarly journals Fibrinolysis: A Primordial System Linked to the Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3406
Author(s):  
Robert L. Medcalf ◽  
Charithani B. Keragala
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Almost All

The fibrinolytic system provides an essential means to remove fibrin deposits and blood clots. The actual protease responsible for this is plasmin, formed from its precursor, plasminogen. Fibrin is heralded as it most renowned substrate but for many years plasmin has been known to cleave many other substrates, and to also activate other proteolytic systems. Recent clinical studies have shown that the promotion of plasmin can lead to an immunosuppressed phenotype, in part via its ability to modulate cytokine expression. Almost all immune cells harbor at least one of a dozen plasminogen receptors that allows plasmin formation on the cell surface that in turn modulates immune cell behavior. Similarly, a multitude of pathogens can also express their own plasminogen activators, or contain surface proteins that provide binding sites host plasminogen. Plasmin formed under these circumstances also empowers these pathogens to modulate host immune defense mechanisms. Phylogenetic studies have revealed that the plasminogen activating system predates the appearance of fibrin, indicating that plasmin did not evolve as a fibrinolytic protease but perhaps has its roots as an immune modifying protease. While its fibrin removing capacity became apparent in lower vertebrates these primitive under-appreciated immune modifying functions still remain and are now becoming more recognised.

Elimination of Candida albicans Infection of the Radicular Dentin by Intracanal Medications

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
J SIQUEIRAJR ◽  
I ROCAS ◽  
H LOPES ◽  
F MAGALHAES ◽  
M DEUZEDA
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection
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