Estimation Using Contingent Valuation Data from a “Dichotomous Choice with Follow-Up” Questionnaire: Reply

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy Ann Cameron ◽  
John Quiggin
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Dichotomous Choice

scholarly journals The Use of Follow-Up Questions to No Responses in Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Surveys

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Inexact Information ◽  
Bid Price ◽  
Contingent Valuation Survey

The dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey format collects inexact information on willingness to pay (WTP), that is, whether WTP is greater or less than the bid price. Sometimes researchers make the precise conjecture that certain respondents have zero WTP using information from follow-up motive questions. But follow-up questions are designed to provide information on respondents’ motives, not refined information on the magnitude of WTP. Assuming that certain respondents have WTP = $0.00 is beyond the design of follow-up questions. The paper's results show that unless information from follow-up questions is utilized within the limitations of survey design, welfare and model parameter estimates are likely to have high standard errors leading to inappropriate policy prescriptions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Missing Values and Protest Zeros in Contingent Valuation in Dental Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7219
Author(s):  
Pedram Sendi ◽  
Arta Ramadani ◽  
Michael M. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
False Information ◽  
Complete Case ◽  
Zero Values ◽  
Elicitation Procedure

Background: The number of contingent valuation (CV) studies in dental medicine using willingness-to-pay (WTP) methodology has substantially increased in recent years. Missing values due to absent information (i.e., missingness) or false information (i.e., protest zeros) are a common problem in WTP studies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of missing values in CV studies in dental medicine, to assess how these have been dealt with, and to suggest recommendations for future research. Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO) on 8 June 2021, and hand-searched references of selected reviews. CV studies in clinical dentistry using WTP for valuing a good or service were included. Results: We included 49 WTP studies in our review. Out of these, 19 (38.8%) reported missing values due to absent information, and 28 (57.1%) reported zero values (i.e., WTP valued at zero). Zero values were further classified into true zeros (i.e., representing the underlying preference of the respondent) or protest zeros (i.e., false information as a protest behavior) in only 9 studies. Most studies used a complete case analysis to address missingness while only one study used multiple imputation. Conclusions: There is uncertainty in the dental literature on how to address missing values and zero values in CV studies. Zero values need to be classified as true zeros versus protest zeros with follow-up questions after the WTP elicitation procedure, and then need to be handled differently. Advanced statistical methods are available to address both missing values due to missingness and due to protest zeros but these are currently underused in dental medicine. Failing to appropriately address missing values in CV studies may lead to biased WTP estimates of dental interventions.

scholarly journals Consumer willingness-to-pay for restaurant surcharges to reduce carbon emissions: default and information effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Dede Long ◽  
Grant H. West ◽  
Rodolfo M. Nayga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Abstract The agriculture and food sectors contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. About 15 percent of food-related carbon emissions are channeled through restaurants. Using a contingent valuation (CV) method with double-bounded dichotomous choice (DBDC) questions, this article investigates U.S. consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for an optional restaurant surcharge in support of carbon emission reduction programs. The mean estimated WTP for a surcharge is 6.05 percent of an average restaurant check, while the median WTP is 3.64 percent. Our results show that individuals have a higher WTP when the surcharge is automatically added to restaurant checks. We also find that an information nudge—a short climate change script—significantly increases WTP. Additionally, our results demonstrate that there is heterogeneity in treatment effects across consumers’ age, environmental awareness, and economic views. Our findings suggest that a surcharge program could transfer a meaningful amount of the agricultural carbon reduction burden to consumers that farmers currently shoulder.

scholarly journals Conjoint Analysis of Groundwater Protection Programs

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Stevens ◽  
Christopher Barrett ◽  
Cleve E. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Binary Response ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Binary Response Model

Three conjoint models—a traditional ratings model, a ratings difference specification, and a binary response model—were used to value groundwater protection program alternatives. The last, which is virtually identical to a dichotomous choice contingent valuation specification, produced the smallest value estimates. This suggests that the conjoint model is very sensitive to model specification and that traditional conjoint models may overestimate economic value because many respondents are not in the market for the commodity being valued.

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