Combined Analysis of GAD65 and ICA512(IA-2) Autoantibodies in Organ and Non-organ-specific Autoimmune Diseases Confers High Specificity for Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Pietropaolo ◽  
Mark Peakman ◽  
Susan L Pietropaolo ◽  
Maria M Zanone ◽  
Thomas P Foley Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Genetic Susceptibility to the Development of Autoimmune Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Heward ◽  
Stephen C. L. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Insulin Dependent

1. Autoimmune diseases are common conditions which appear to develop in genetically susceptible individuals, with expression of disease being modified by permissive and protective environments. Familial clustering and data from twin studies provided the impetus for the search for putative loci. Both the candidate gene approach in population-based case-control studies and entire genome screening in families have helped identify susceptibility genes in a number of autoimmune diseases. 2. After the first genome screen in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus it seems likely that most autoimmune diseases are polygenic with no single gene being either necessary or sufficient for disease development. Of the organ-specific autoimmune diseases, genome screens have now been completed in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, the clustering of autoimmune diseases within the same individuals suggests that the same genes may be involved in the different diseases. This is supported by data showing that both HLA (human leucocyte antigen) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated-4) appear to be involved in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease. 3. Genome screens have also been completed in some of the non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Many candidate genes have also been investigated although these are predominantly in population-based case-control studies. 4. Substantial progress has been made in recent years towards the identification of susceptibility loci in autoimmune diseases. The inconsistencies seen between case-control studies may largely be due to genetic mismatching between cases and controls in small datasets. Family-based association studies are being increasingly used to confirm genetic linkages and help with fine mapping strategies. It will, however, require a combination of biology and genetics, as has been necessary with the major histocompatibility complex in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, to identify primary aetiological mutations.

Effect of thalidomide on the incidence of iodine-induced and spontaneous lymphocytic thyroiditis and spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasana Lueprasitsakul ◽  
Susan Abend ◽  
Sharon Alex ◽  
Walter Reinhardt ◽  
Michael C. Appel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Spontaneous Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum ◽  
Graft Vs Host Disease ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Abstract. Thalidomide, a derivative of glutamic acid, has immunosuppressive effects and suppresses graft-vs-host disease in the rat and following bone marrow transplantation in man. It is effectively used in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum and has a potential therapeutic effect in a variety of autoimmune diseases. In view of these observations, we evaluated the effect of thalidomide on the incidence of spontaneous and iodine-induced lymphocytic thyroiditis and spontaneous insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat. Thalidomide did not suppress the incidence of lymphocytic thyroiditis and serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies or affect the serum concentrations of T4, T3 and TSH in this rat model. Thalidomide also did not affect the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In contrast to preliminary studies in man and rat demonstrating efficacy in the therapy of autoimmune diseases, thalidomide did not prevent or suppress autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the BB/Wor rat.

Organ-specific autoantibodies in HLA genotyped insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus families

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Vexiau ◽  
Samir Helmy-Khalil ◽  
Ingeborg Deschamps ◽  
Jean Claude Homberg ◽  
Gerard Cathelineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Insulin Dependent
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