Long Bone Shaft Robusticity and Body Proportions of the Saint-Césaire 1 Châtelperronian Neanderthal

Erik Trinkaus; Steven E. Churchill; Christopher B. Ruff; Bernard Vandermeersch

doi:10.1006/jasc.1998.0345

Long Bone Shaft Robusticity and Body Proportions of the Saint-Césaire 1 Châtelperronian Neanderthal

Journal of Archaeological Science ◽

10.1006/jasc.1998.0345 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 753-773 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Erik Trinkaus ◽

Steven E. Churchill ◽

Christopher B. Ruff ◽

Bernard Vandermeersch

Keyword(s):

Long Bone ◽

Body Proportions

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Human Growth and Stature

The Science of Roman History ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691195988.003.0006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 174-204

Author(s):

Rebecca Gowland ◽

Lauren Walther

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Critical Review ◽

Human Growth ◽

Roman Period ◽

Long Bone ◽

Archaeological Record ◽

Body Proportions ◽

Roman World ◽

Infancy And Childhood ◽

Adult Stature

This chapter reviews the study of stature in the archaeological record with a focus on the Roman period. A critical review of current methods of estimating stature, including an evaluation of the differing techniques and their application to the Roman period follows. This chapter does not advocate the comparison of long bone lengths alone for the study of stature in the Roman world. It argues that such an approach overlooks the biocultural significance of overall body proportions (including trunk height); instead more effort should be made to establish population-specific regression formulae. Finally, the chapter argues that because adult stature and final body proportions are strongly influenced by environmental conditions during childhood, a more nuanced consideration of growth and adversity during infancy and childhood is required.

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Cell-nonautonomous local and systemic responses to cell arrest enable long-bone catch-up growth in developing mice

10.1101/218487 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alberto Roselló-Díez ◽

Linda Madisen ◽

Sébastien Bastide ◽

Hongkui Zeng ◽

Alexandra L. Joyner

Keyword(s):

Internal Control ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Systemic Effect ◽

Long Bone ◽

Body Proportions ◽

Compensatory Mechanisms ◽

Left Limb ◽

Catch Up ◽

The Right ◽

Systemic Responses

AbstractCatch-up growth after insults to growing organs is paramount to achieving robust body proportions. In fly larvae, local injury is followed by local and systemic compensatory mechanisms that allow damaged tissues to regain proportions with other tissues. In vertebrates, local catch-up growth has been described after transient reduction of bone growth, but the underlying cellular responses are controversial. We developed an approach to study catch-up growth in foetal mice by inducing mosaic expression of the cell cycle suppressor p21 in the cartilage cells (chondrocytes) that drive long bone elongation. By specifically targeting the left hindlimb, the right limb served as an internal control. Strikingly, left-right limb symmetry was not altered, revealing deployment of compensatory mechanisms. Above a certain threshold of insult, an orchestrated response was triggered involving local enhancement of bone growth and systemic growth reduction that ensured body proportions were maintained. The local response entailed hyper-proliferation of spared left-limb chondrocytes that was associated with reduced chondrocyte density. The systemic effect involved impaired placental IGF signalling and function, revealing bone-placenta communication. Thus, vertebrates, much like invertebrates, can mount coordinated local and systemic responses to developmental insults to ensure normal body proportions are maintained.

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