Maize Root System Response to Furrow Irrigation in a Mediterranean Brown Soil: Root Growth Related to Water Distribution

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
M.R.G. Oliveira ◽  
R.P. Serralheiro ◽  
M.P.Z. Reis ◽  
F.L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
System Response ◽  
Brown Soil

scholarly journals Salinity Effects on Root Growth and Senescence in Tomato and the Consequences for Severity of Phytophthora Root Rot Infection

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Snapp ◽  
C. Shennan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
System Response ◽  
Stress Monitoring ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Root Senescence ◽  
Response To Stress

Roots respond first to edaphic stresses, yet little is known about root response to stress in mature, soil-grown plants. We investigated the effects of salinity and phytophthora root rot on root growth and senescence in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Using minirhizotron- and rhizotron-based methodologies, we quantified intraspecific differences in root-system response to salinity and inoculation. Genotype susceptibility to salt-induced disease was related to root vulnerability to salt. `UC82B' was vulnerable to infection by Phytophthora parasitica when subjected to salt stress and produced thinner roots and ≈50% higher root-senescence rates compared to the phytophthora root rot-resistant `CX8303'. Root growth at the peripheral regions of the `CX8303' root system was inhibited by salinity, but otherwise root dynamics were not affected by salinity or inoculation. Overall, roots from the central root system and roots from the periphery responded differently to salt stress. Monitoring the diameters of new initiated roots indicated the vulnerability of a stressed root system to disease and early senescence.

scholarly journals High-resolution 4D spatiotemporal analysis reveals the contributions of local growth dynamics to contrasting maize root architectures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Jiang ◽  
Eric Floro ◽  
Adam L. Bray ◽  
Benjamin Laws ◽  
Keith E. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Local Root ◽  
The Many

ABSTRACTRoot systems are branched networks that develop from simple growth properties of their individual roots. Yet a mature maize root system has many thousands of roots that each interact with soil structures, water and nutrient patches, and microbial ecologies in the micro-environments surrounding each root tip. Although the plasticity of root growth to these and other environmental factors is well known, how the many local processes contribute over time to global features of root system architecture is hardly understood. We employ an automated 3D root imaging pipeline to capture the growth of maize roots every four hours throughout seven days of seedling development. We model the contrasting architectures of two maize inbred genotypes and their hybrid to derive key parameters that distinguish complex growth patterns as a function of time. The statistical characteristics of local root growth defined the global system properties despite a large range of trait values. “Computational dissection” of a single root from each root system identified differences in the size of the root branching zone and lateral branching densities, but not radial patterns, that drove the contrasting root architectures from seedling to maturity. X-ray imaging of mature field-grown root crowns showed that seedling growth trajectories persisted throughout development and could predict eventual architectures, suggesting a strong genetic basis. The work connects individual and systemwide scales of root growth dynamics, providing the means for a function-valued approach to understanding the genetic and genetic x environment conditioning of root growth that will enable breeding for enhanced root traits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen and where roots grow determines their ability to capture short-lived and patchy water and nutrient resources to support the aboveground organs of the plant. Roots have no known long-distance external sensing mechanisms, but form branched networks that blindly explore the soil and respond to encountered local stimuli. How global architectures form from the many thousands of these local responses, and how they are controlled genetically are major open questions. Here we quantify differences in local root growth patterns of two inbred genotypes of maize that control contrasting systemwide properties. Measurements at the seedling stage were highly correlated with the complex architectures of mature root systems, paving the way for the development of crops with greater resource uptake capacity.

Root System Fibrosity of Sitka Spruce Transplants: Relationship with Root Growth Potential

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. DEANS ◽  
C. LUNDBERG ◽  
M. G. R. CANNELL ◽  
M. B. MURRAY ◽  
L. J. SHEPPARD
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential

Effects of soil temperature and water on maize root growth

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Barber ◽  
A. D. Mackay ◽  
R. O. Kuchenbuch ◽  
P. B. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Maize Root

Effects of Temperature on Root Morphology and Ectendomycorrhizal Development in Pinusresinosa Ait.

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh E. Wilcox ◽  
Ruth Ganmore-Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
First Order ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Seedlings of Pinusresinosa were grown at root temperatures of 16, 21 and 27 °C, both aseptically and after inoculation with the ectendomycorrhizal fungus BDG-58. Growth after 3 months was significantly influenced by the presence of the fungus at all 3 temperatures. The influence of the fungus on root growth was obscured by the effects of root temperature on morphology. The root system at 16 and at 21 °C possessed many first-order laterals with numerous, well developed second-order branches, but those at 27 °C had only a few, relatively long, unbranched first-order laterals. Although the root systems of infected seedlings were larger, the fungus increased root growth in the same pattern as determined by the temperature.

scholarly journals Regulation of lateral root development by shoot-sensed far-red light via HY5 is nitrate-dependent and involves the NRT2.1 nitrate transporter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper van Gelderen ◽  
Chiakai Kang ◽  
Peijin Li ◽  
Ronald Pierik
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Nitrate Transporter ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Nitrate Signaling

AbstractPlants are very effective in responding to environmental changes during competition for light and nutrients. Low Red:Far-Red (low R:FR)-mediated neighbor detection allows plants to compete successfully with other plants for available light. This above-ground signal can also reduce lateral root growth by inhibiting lateral root emergence, a process that might help the plant invest resources in shoot growth. Nitrate is an essential nutrient for plant growth and Arabidopsis thaliana responds to low nitrate conditions by enhancing nutrient uptake and reducing lateral and main root growth. There are indications that low R:FR signaling and low nitrate signaling can affect each other. It is unknown which response is prioritized when low R:FR light- and low nitrate signaling co-occur. We investigated the effect of low nitrate conditions on the low R:FR response of the A. thaliana root system in agar plate media, combined with the application of supplemental Far-Red (FR) light to the shoot. We observed that under low nitrate conditions main and lateral root growth was reduced, but more importantly, that the response of the root system to low R:FR was suppressed. Consistently, a loss-of-function mutant of a nitrate transporter gene NRT2.1 lacked low R:FR-induced lateral root reduction and its root growth was hypersensitive to low nitrate. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) plays an important role in the root response to low R:FR and we found that it was less sensitive to low nitrate conditions with regards to lateral root growth. In addition, we found that low R:FR increases NRT2.1 expression and that low nitrate enhances HY5 expression. HY5 also affects NRT2.1 expression, however, it depended on the presence of ammonium in which direction this effect was. Replacing part of the nitrogen source with ammonium also removed the effect of low R:FR on the root system, showing that changes in nitrogen sources can be crucial for root plasticity. Together our results show that nitrate signaling can repress low R:FR responses and that this involves signaling via HY5 and NRT2.1.

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