Herbicide Application Equipment use in New Zealand Pipfruit Orchards

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Ralph E.H. Sims ◽  
Simon B. Berry ◽  
Kerry Harrington
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Herbicide Application

scholarly journals A glyphosateresistant perennial ryegrass population is also resistant to amitrole

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 331-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghanizadeh ◽  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
D.J. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Initial Experiment ◽  
Two Populations

A doseresponse experiment was conducted on a previously confirmed glyphosate resistant perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) population from a Marlborough vineyard to examine if it is also resistant to amitrole after an initial experiment suggested amitrole is less effective on this population The plants of two populations of perennial ryegrass Population O (glyphosate resistant) and Population SP (glyphosate susceptible) were multiplied up by splitting out tillers and planting them into pots The plants were sprayed with rates of amitrole from 0 to 9600 g ai/ha and each treatment consisted of five replicates (one plant per replicate) The dry weight of plant material was measured 8 weeks after herbicide application The data were fitted to a three parameter logistic model and the herbicide rate giving 50 reduction in growth (GR50) was calculated The GR50 value of Population SP for amitrole was 523 g ai/ha whereas the GR50 for Population O was found to be 131 times greater This is the first confirmed case of amitrole resistance evolving within New Zealand and further work is currently underway to study this resistance

Plantain as a GHG mitigation option: N2O, C and GHG balances from an intensively grazed New Zealand dairy pasture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Wall ◽  
Jordan Goodrich ◽  
Anne Wecking ◽  
Jack Pronger ◽  
David Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
First Year ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Mitigation Option ◽  
Sign Convention ◽  
One Year

<p>Agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions account for almost half of New Zealand’s total emissions, and therefore considerable attention has been given to identifying and testing mitigation options. At plot scale, plantain (Plantago lanceolate L.) in the pasture sward has been demonstrated to reduce nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions but has not been tested at paddock scale on an operating farm. Our aim was to test the efficacy of a pasture sward containing >30% plantain as a GHG mitigation option at paddock scale (2.5-3 ha) on a year-round rotationally grazed commercial dairy farm in the Waikato region of New Zealand. Utilising eddy covariance measurements of CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> coupled to farm management records, N<sub>2</sub>O, carbon (C) and GHG balances (sign convention: positive value = emission to the atmosphere) were calculated for two adjacent paddocks – a control paddock containing an existing ryegrass/clover sward (RC), and a paddock that underwent renovation with the establishment of a ryegrass/clover/plantain sward (RCP). Establishment of RCP was via spraying and direct drilling and occurred in March 2018 (autumn). For the establishment period between initial herbicide application and the first grazing of the new RCP sward 66 days later, N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were 2.58 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> compared with 1.69 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> for the RC paddock. During the same period, C losses from the RCP paddock were greater than from the RC paddock (2.40 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> for RCP and 1.29 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> for RC) primarily due to reduced photosynthetic inputs associated with the herbicide application. The GHG budget (including enteric methane emissions from feed grown and eaten in the paddock) during the 66 day establishment period was an emission of 6.56 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>-1</sup> for RC and 9.85 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>-1</sup> for RCP. Unfortunately, the RCP sward establishment was poor, and after one year, total pasture production was unexpectedly lower than RC. Additionally, plantain accounted for <7% of the total RCP dry matter production. N<sub>2</sub>O, C and GHG balances for RCP in the first year following (and including) establishment were 6.61 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>, 3.25 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup> and 21.40 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup> respectively, while for RC they were 7.21 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>, 0.95 t C ha<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup> and 13.29 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>. Due to the poor establishment of plantain, any N<sub>2</sub>O and GHG benefits of this species were unable to be initially concluded, but additional plantain was sown and measurements are ongoing. However, we did identify several relevant findings: any N<sub>2</sub>O/GHG benefits of plantain must firstly offset emissions (including C losses) associated with the establishment of the sward (>3 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq ha<sup>-1</sup> in this study), and furthermore, there is a risk that should the establishment be poor, GHG emissions can be considerably greater (and pasture production lower) than an existing pasture.</p>

scholarly journals Tolerance of newly sown cocksfoot-clover pastures to the herbicide imazethapyr

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Lewis ◽  
R.J. Lucas ◽  
R.W. Hofmann ◽  
D.J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Lincoln University ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Clover Pasture

In New Zealand, subterranean clover is recommended as a companion legume in mixed swards, particularly in dryland cocksfoot-based pastures. However, establishment of cocksfoot is slower than perennial ryegrass and therefore weed ingress is more common. An experiment at Lincoln University, Canterbury showed imazethapyr applied when clover was at the 3-4 trifoliate leaf stage, and cocksfoot at the 2+ leaf stage, increased the subterranean clover content of the pastures by at least 1000 kg DM/ha, despite initial visual phytotoxicity responses. Balansa and white clover pasture yields were not different to their unsprayed unweeded controls. Imazethapyr application controlled broadleaf weeds from early in the season. The herbicide application reduced cocksfoot yields by 70% in early spring, but yields recovered and were not different to the unsprayed unweeded controls at 1350 ± 260 kg DM/ha after grazing. Imazethapyr application improved subterranean clover pastures through an increase in clover content by suppressing weeds and temporarily reducing the rate of cocksfoot growth. Keywords: subterranean clover, Spinnaker herbicide, seedling, white clover, balansa clover

scholarly journals Cleancrop™ Brassica System: The development of herbicide resistant brassica crops for New Zealand farming systems

2012 ◽  
pp. 25-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dumbleton ◽  
S. Gowers ◽  
A. Conner ◽  
M. Christie ◽  
P. Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Brassica Crops

This paper presents results from a breeding program which, using seed mutagenesis combined with traditional plant breeding techniques, has resulted in the development of the Cleancrop™ Brassica system. Seedlings of Brassica napus with increased chlorsulfuron resistance were identified following seed mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and in vitro screening of seedlings in the presence of the herbicide. Surviving herbicide resistant seedlings were used in a traditional breeding program to introgress resistance into leafy turnip, bulb turnip, rape and swede. Acceptable herbicide resistance to at least a double application of chlorsulfuron from either a preemergence or a 4-leaf post emergence timing has now been produced in all these crops. Results from trials sown at Lincoln, Canterbury and Knapdale, Southland with chlorsulfuron herbicide application at both these timings with HT-S57 swede showed excellent weed control and no noticeable crop phytotoxicity. The preemergence herbicide application produced significantly more total dry matter per hectare than the untreated control. This weed management system represents a new tool for New Zealand farmers which will expand the use of forage brassica crops into more marginal areas which historically have had difficult to control weed problems. Keywords: Seed mutagenesis, chlorsulfuron, acetolactate synthase, field plant breeding, Cleancrop™ Brassica System, HT Brassica™

scholarly journals Effect of rainfall on the movement and persistence of metsulfuronmethyl and clopyralid applied to pasture

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
A. Rahman ◽  
J.M. Mellsop ◽  
M. Trolove
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Simulated Rain

Metsulfuronmethyl and clopyralid are two herbicides frequently used in pasture The mobility and persistence of both have been previously reported and showed great variation between overseas and New Zealand results In a field trial the effect of simulated rain within the first 7 days of herbicide application on the persistence and movement of these chemicals was studied using bioassay methods Results show that 15 mm of simulated rain on either Day 1 3 or 7 after herbicide application had no apparent effect on the dissipation of metsulfuronmethyl but natural rainfall that occurred later in the experiment leached it to the 50100 mm soil layer Glasshouse bioassays of soil samples collected from the field showed that between 75 and 90 of the applied herbicide had degraded by Day 56 Clopyralid stayed in the top 50 mm of soil during the experiment but by Day 56 less than 10 of the applied herbicide remained

scholarly journals Effects of rate of application of triclopyr on wandering jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
G.A. Hurrell ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
S.L. Lamoureaux ◽  
C.S. Lusk ◽  
M.R. Trolove
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell) is a common weed in canopydepleted indigenous forest remnants in New Zealand In this study triclopyr was applied to dense stands of wandering Jew at a range of rates in each of two experiments (Diamond Harbour in the South Island and Te Pahu in the North Island) to determine its effects on the weed and subsequent regrowth The cover of wandering Jew was initially reduced by 80100 with herbicide application At about 1 year after application of the herbicide the wandering Jew had regrown to about 350 cover depending on the rate of triclopyr applied and some indigenous seedlings had begun to appear However the survival of these seedlings was minimal

Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries: Primary Distance Indicators

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 563-566
Author(s):  
J. D. Pritchard ◽  
W. Tobin ◽  
J. V. Clausen ◽  
E. F. Guinan ◽  
E. L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Eclipsing Binaries ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Distance Indicators

Our collaboration involves groups in Denmark, the U.S.A. Spain and of course New Zealand. Combining ground-based and satellite (IUEandHST) observations we aim to determine accurate and precise stellar fundamental parameters for the components of Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries as well as the distances to these systems and hence the parent galaxies themselves. This poster presents our latest progress.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

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