Bactericidal activity of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) peritoneal macrophages against avirulent strains of Aeromonas salmonicida

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Daly ◽  
A.R. Moore ◽  
G. Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida

Experimental Plantings of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from Furunculosis-Infected Stock

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2643-2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. McDermott ◽  
A. H. Berst
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Hatchery Stock ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Made In

Preliminary sampling revealed the presence of furunculosis disease in the resident brook trout population of the southern Ontario trout stream used in this study.Two plantings of marked yearling brook trout were made in the study area in 1966; one in the spring, and the other in the fall. The spring planting consisted of 1000 brook trout with a predetermined incidence of furunculosis infection and an equal number of trout with no evidence of infection. The fall planting consisted of 2000 brook trout with a known incidence of furunculosis infection.The stream was electrofished periodically during the 2-year period after the first planting. A total of 445 brook trout (140 of the planted hatchery stock, and 305 resident trout) and 127 fish of associated species were captured and examined for the presence of Aeromonas salmonicida, causative agent of furunculosis.Recovery rates of the "infected" and "noninfected" stocks of brook trout were similar, and there was no evidence of transmission of A. salmonicida from the infected fish to the control fish, nor the resident population of brook trout and other species of fish captured.

Aeromonas salmonicida: Relationship between Extracellular Growth Products and Isolate Virulence

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1322-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco C. Cipriano ◽  
Billy R. Griffin ◽  
Burton C. Lidgerding
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Crude Material

Extracellular growth products, extracted from culture supernatants of Aeromonas salmonicida by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and ethanol, were resolved into four fractions by ion-exchange chromatography. Although one of these (fraction II) possessed leukocytolytic activity, virulence of the pathogen was not associated with leukocytotoxicity. A positive correlation was established, however, between virulence and the toxicity of extracted material to cultured rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2) cells. The crude material and fractions II and III from virulent isolates were more toxic to RTG-2 cells than were similar preparations from avirulent isolates. Preparations from virulent isolates caused hemorrhaging, lesion development, and mortality when injected intramuscularly into brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar). Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were more resistant and lesions could be produced only with fraction II. Fraction II also possessed proteolytic activity.Key words: Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis, pathogenicity, salmonids, extracellular products, cytotoxicity, leukocytolysis, proteolysis, fishes

Adjuvant-Dependent Immunity and the Agglutinin Response of Fishes Against Aeromonas salmonicida, Cause of Furunculosis

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1290-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco C. Cipriano ◽  
Stephen W. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Extracellular Product ◽  
Experimental Challenge

Adjuvant-dependent immunity resulted in agglutinin activity against Aeromonas salmonicida in sera of convalescent fishes. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brown trout (Salmo salar), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) that had recovered from natural furunculosis produced serum agglutinin antibodies predominately against a specific chromatographic fraction (EcF1) of the bacterium's extracellular product. EcF1 was resolved by ion-exchange chromatography from DEAE SephadexA-25. When EcF1 was emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant and injected intraperitoneally, brook trout were protected against experimental challenge; brook trout vaccinated with EcF1 only were not protected against furunculosis. EcF1, examined by immunodiffusion tests, SDS – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blot immunoassays, shared certain properties with bacterial endotoxin. EcF1 and endotoxin preparations both contained immunoreactive lipopolysaccharides which indicated that adjuvant-dependent immunity to A. salmonicida is related to endotoxin.

Bacteriological Studies of Freshwater Fish: II. Furunculosis in Ontario Fish in Natural Waters

1962 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rabb ◽  
L. A. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Cottus Bairdi ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The One

During a period of 29 months, 1044 fish were taken from different sections of 10 streams in southern Ontario and examined for the presence of Aeromonas salmonicida, the bacterium causing furunculosis in fish. Most of the fish examined were brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and carriers of furunculosis were, with one exception, found only in this species of fish. The one exception was a sculpin (Cottus bairdi). Most of the brook trout found to be carriers were taken from the same section of the Beaver River. As yet, no explanation can be given of the high incidence of furunculosis carriers in these waters, nor is their importance known.

Immunogenic Potential of Growth Products Extracted from Cultures of Aeromonas salmonicida for Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1512-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco C. Cipriano
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Approximate Molecular Weight ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Experimental Challenge

Growth products from virulent (3.93 and 3.101), an avirulent (3.10), and an atypical strain (3.111) of Aeromonas salmonicida yielded four protein containing fractions (designated fractions 1, 2, 3, 4) following chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-25 of crude material that was precipitated from broth culture supernatants with (NH4)2SO4 and ethanol. Vaccination trials, in which each of the four fractions from a virulent and an avirulent strain were injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 μg protein into brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) indicated that only fraction 4 consistently protected trout from experimental challenges. Immunizing fish with fraction 4 that was emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant also protected trout from challenge but did not enhance protection. Additional brook trout that were immunized by injection with fraction 4 derived from either of two virulent, an avirulent, or an atypical strain of A. salmonicida were also protected from contact challenge with a different challenge strain. Fraction 4 was partially characterized as a glycoprotein; the protein subunit fraction had an approximate molecular weight of 66 000 daltons. Rabbit antiserum prepared against fraction 4 reacted on agar gel diffusion plates to form a single precipitin band with the homologous fraction 4 antigen but this antiserum did not cross react with either purified preparations of bacterial endotoxin or A-layer protein.Key words: Aeromonas salmonicida, Salvelinus fontinalis, growth products, fraction 4, glycoprotein, virulent, avirulent, atypical strains, contact experimental challenge

Immunization of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) against Aeromonas salmonicida: Immunogenicity of Virulent and Avirulent Isolates and Protective Ability of Different Antigens

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco C. Cipriano
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Extracellular Material ◽  
Concentrated Suspensions ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Virulent Challenge ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Agglutinin Titer

Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) passively immunized with antisera from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) prepared against virulent or avirulent cultures of Aeromonas salmonicida were equally protected from challenges with concentrated suspensions (109 cells/mL) of A. salmonicida. Brook trout immunized with washed or unwashed formalin-killed virulent cells of A. salmonicida had mean humoral agglutinating antibody titers of 14 (washed cells) and 205 (unwashed cells) after 21 d. However, fish so immunized were not protected when exposed to a virulent challenge. Trout inoculated with crude extracellular material extracted from culture supernatants had a mean agglutinin titer of 122, and fish so immunized were resistant to challenge. Keywords: Aeromonas salmonicida, Salvelinus fontinalis, Salmo gairdneri, immunization, antigens, extracellular material, protection, challenge, fishes

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