Outcrossing and Recombination in the Lichenized Fungus Letharia

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Kroken ◽  
John W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Lichenized Fungus

Hypogymnia papilliformis (Parmeliaceae), a new lichen from Far East Russia and China

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce McCune ◽  
Svetlana Tchabanenko ◽  
Xin Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
East Russia ◽  
Lichenized Fungus ◽  
A New Species ◽  
The Russian Far East

AbstractHypogymnia papilliformis McCune, Tchabanenko & X. L.Wei is described as a new species of lichenized fungus from the Primorsky region of Russia and Shaanxi Province in China. It is a relatively rare species from mixed conifer-broadleaved forests in suboceanic climates, in mountainous areas at elevations of 600–1500 m. Most similar to H. delavayi, the species are distinguished by branching pattern and chemistry. Hypogymnia papilliformis is predominantly isotomically branched while H. delavayi usually develops subpinnate branching. The ceiling of the lobe cavity is mid brown to dark brown in H. papilliformis, while the ceiling is often pale brownish or white in H. delavayi. Also, H. papilliformis lacks 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, and thus has a K– medulla, while H. delavayi always contains 3-hydroxyphysodic acid as a major substance and is thus K+ slowly reddish brown. We provide a key to the six esorediate Hypogymnia species known from the Russian Far East.

Dictyonema coppinsii, a new name for the European species known as Dictyonemainterruptum (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a validation of its photobiont Rhizonema (Cyanoprokaryota: Nostocales: Rhizonemataceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert LÜCKING ◽  
Fred R. BARRIE ◽  
David GENNEY
Keyword(s):  
British Isles ◽  
European Species ◽  
Separate Family ◽  
New Name ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Western European ◽  
Lichenized Fungus ◽  
Lichen Fungus ◽  
Cyanobacterial Genus

AbstractThe lichenized basidiomycete known as Dictyonemainterruptum is a widely distributed but rare, oceanic, western European species known from the British Isles, the Pyrenees, the Azores, and Madeira. Unfortunately, the name has never been validly published. The species was first described in the cyanobacterial genus Calothrix in 1833, which predates the starting point of heterocystous bacterial nomenclature, 1 January 1886. The epithet was never subsequently included in a validly published binomial and its combination into Dictyonema was therefore invalid as well. There was also controversy about whether the epithet applied to the cyanobacterial photobiont (as originally intended) or to the lichen fungus (as proposed later). Because of the lack of a valid description for this epithet, we have chosen to establish a new name, Dictyonema coppinsii Lücking, Barrie & Genney, for the lichenized fungus at hand, whereas the cyanobacterial photobiont is validated with the genus name Rhizonema Lücking & Barrie, adopting the epithet interruptum for it, and placed in a separate family, Rhizonemataceae Büdel & Kauff ex Lücking & Barrie.

scholarly journals Coregulation of dimorphism and symbiosis by cyclic AMP signaling in the lichenized fungusUmbilicaria muhlenbergii

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23847-23858
Author(s):  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Xinli Wei ◽  
Zhuyun Bian ◽  
Jiangchun Wei ◽  
Jin-Rong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Hyperosmotic Stress ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Pseudohyphal Growth ◽  
Lichenized Fungus ◽  
A Minor

Umbilicaria muhlenbergiiis the only known dimorphic lichenized fungus that grows in the hyphal form in lichen thalli but as yeast cells in axenic cultures. However, the regulation of yeast-to-hypha transition and its relationship to the establishment of symbiosis are not clear. In this study, we show that nutrient limitation and hyperosmotic stress trigger the dimorphic change inU. muhlenbergii. Contact with algal cells of its photobiontTrebouxia jamesiiinduced pseudohyphal growth. Treatments with the cAMP diphosphoesterase inhibitor IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) induced pseudohyphal/hyphal growth and resulted in the differentiation of heavily melanized, lichen cortex-like structures in culture, indicating the role of cAMP signaling in regulating dimorphism. To confirm this observation, we identified and characterized two Gα subunitsUmGPA2andUmGPA3. Whereas deletion ofUmGPA2had only a minor effect on pseudohyphal growth, the ΔUmgpa3mutant was defective in yeast-to-pseudohypha transition induced by hyperosmotic stress orT. jamesiicells. IBMX treatment suppressed the defect of ΔUmgpa3in pseudohyphal growth. Transformants expressing theUmGPA3G45VorUmGPA3Q208Ldominant active allele were enhanced in the yeast-to-pseudohypha transition and developed pseudohyphae under conditions noninducible to the wild type. Interestingly,T. jamesiicells in close contact with pseudohyphae ofUmGPA3G45VandUmGPA3Q208Ltransformants often collapsed and died after coincubation for over 72 h, indicating that improperly regulated pseudohyphal growth due to dominant active mutations may disrupt the initial establishment of symbiotic interaction between the photobiont and mycobiont. Taken together, these results show that the cAMP-PKA pathway plays a critical role in regulating dimorphism and symbiosis inU. muhlenbergii.

Axenic Cultivation of Mycelium of the Lichenized Fungus, Lobaria pulmonaria (Peltigerales, Ascomycota)

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cornejo ◽  
Christoph Scheidegger ◽  
Rosmarie Honegger
Keyword(s):  
Lobaria Pulmonaria ◽  
Lichenized Fungus ◽  
Axenic Cultivation

scholarly journals A new species of Glyphis Ach. and three new records of Graphis Adans. (Graphidaceae) from Bali Island, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Junita Hardini ◽  
Rina Sri Kasiamdari ◽  
Santosa Santosa ◽  
Purnomo Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Open Disc ◽  
Secondary Substances ◽  
Lichenized Fungus ◽  
A New Species

Glyphis batuana Hardini, Kasiamdari & Purnomo sp. nov. is a new species of lichenized fungus found on the bark of the Frangipani tree (Plumeria sp.). The new species from Batuan village (Gianyar districts), Bali Island, Indonesia is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its lirelliform, unbranched ascomata, entire labia, black, open disc with brown pruina, completely carbonized excipulum, 8-spored asci with 8-10 locular ascospores, and lack of secondary substances. A key to species of Glyphis Ach. in Indonesia is provided. Three new records of Graphis Adans., namely G. conferta Zenker, G. immersella Mull. Arg. and G. nilgiriensis Adaw. & Makhija are also reported.

Calopadia erythrocephala, a new foliicolous lichenized fungus from Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edit FARKAS ◽  
John A. ELIX ◽  
Adam FLAKUS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Foliicolous Lichens ◽  
Lichenized Fungus ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe foliicolous lichenized fungus Calopadia erythrocephala Farkas, Elix & Flakus, is described as new to science from the Atlantic submontane rainforests in Brazil. The species is very similar to C. puiggarii, but is distinguished by the presence of a red pigment in the campylidia, the darker apothecial discs and larger conidia. Fusarubin, the red pigment produced by the new species, is reported for the first time from foliicolous lichens. A world-wide key to foliicolous species of Calopadia with single, muriform ascospores is presented.

Remarkable cases of parallel evolution of the placodioid thallus growth form in the Lecanographaceae (Arthoniales) with the description of a new species of Alyxoria from Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Damien Ertz ◽  
Alejandro Huereca ◽  
Sergio Manuel Salcedo-Martínez ◽  
Anders Tehler
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lichenized Fungus ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Lichen Growth

AbstractThe new species Alyxoria sierramadrensis is described from Mexico where it inhabits limestone rocks. The lichen developing from this fungus is characterized by a placodioid to subfoliose thallus with a white pruinose surface; rounded to shortly elongated ascomata with a black epruinose margin and a widely exposed, white pruinose hymenial disc; hyaline, 3-septate ascospores, 17–25 × 7–9 μm; the presence of anthraquinones rendering the medulla orange. Phylogenetic analyses of nuLSU, mtSSU and RPB2 sequences place this species in the genus Alyxoria (Lecanographaceae). This generic affiliation is surprising because all known Alyxoria species have a crustose thallus. Lecanographaceae mainly includes species without a thallus (lichenicolous taxa) or with a thin crustose thallus, the only exception being Simonyella variegata with a fruticose thallus. The new species belongs to the Alyxoria ochrocheila subgroup, which includes lichens also frequently known to have anthraquinones, white pruinose hymenial discs and 3-septate ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses further determined the systematic position of the monotypic genus Phoebus. This genus, considered as an Arthoniales of uncertain family affiliation, is shown to belong to the Lecanographaceae. With its placodioid thallus, it is another example of a lichenized fungus with a deviating morphology in thallus structure for the family, increasing the number of remarkable cases of parallel evolution of lichen growth forms within the Arthoniales. Phoebus hydrophobius is newly recorded for Mexico.

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