Subchronic Dermal Application of N,N-Diethyl m-Toluamide (DEET) and Permethrin to Adult Rats, Alone or in Combination, Causes Diffuse Neuronal Cell Death and Cytoskeletal Abnormalities in the Cerebral Cortex and the Hippocampus, and Purkinje Neuron Loss in the Cerebellum

2001 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Ashok K. Shetty ◽  
Mohamed B. Abou-Donia
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Purkinje Neuron ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Neuron Loss ◽  
Dermal Application

Neuronal cell death due to glutamate excitotocity is mediated by P38 activation in the rat cerebral cortex

2006 ◽  
Vol 403 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Segura Torres ◽  
V. Chaparro-Huerta ◽  
M.C. Rivera Cervantres ◽  
R. Montes-González ◽  
M.E. Flores Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Rat Cerebral Cortex

Bax promotes neuronal cell death and is downregulated during the development of the nervous system

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1239-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vekrellis ◽  
M.J. McCarthy ◽  
A. Watson ◽  
J. Whitfield ◽  
L.L. Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Expression Vector ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Cultured Sympathetic Neurons

The Bcl-2 and Bcl-x proteins suppress programmed cell death, whereas Bax promotes apoptosis. We investigated the pattern of expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Bcl-x during neuronal differentiation and development. All three proteins were widely expressed in neonatal rats but, in the adult, Bax levels were 20- to 140-fold lower in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and heart muscle, whereas Bcl-x was not downregulated in any of the tissues examined. In the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, the decrease in Bax levels occurred after the period of developmental cell death. Further, microinjection of a Bax expression vector into cultured sympathetic neurons, which depend on nerve growth factor for survival, induced apoptosis in the presence of survival factor and increased the rate of cell death after nerve growth factor withdrawal. This effect could be blocked by co-injection of an expression vector for Bcl-xL or for the baculovirus p35 protein, an inhibitor of caspases (ICE-like proteases). These results suggest that, during development, the sensitivity of neurons to signals that induce apoptosis may be regulated by modulating Bax levels and that Bax-induced death requires caspase activity.

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