Reinnervation of the Biceps Brachii Muscle Following Cotransplantation of Fetal Spinal Cord and Autologous Peripheral Nerve into the Injured Cervical Spinal Cord of the Adult Rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Duchossoy ◽  
L. Kassar-Duchossoy ◽  
D. Orsal ◽  
O. Stettler ◽  
J.C. Horvat
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Adult Rat

scholarly journals Muscle Reinnervation with Delayed or Immediate Transplant of Embryonic Ventral Spinal Cord Cells into Adult Rat Peripheral Nerve

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Grumbles ◽  
Patrick Wood ◽  
Michelle Rudinsky ◽  
Anna M. Gomez ◽  
Christine K. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Muscle Reinnervation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ventral Spinal Cord

Muscle denervation is common in various neuromuscular diseases and after trauma. It induces skeletal muscle atrophy. Only muscle reinnervation leads to functional recovery. In previous studies, denervated adult rat muscles were rescued by transplantation of embryonic day 14–15 (E14–15) ventral spinal cord cells into a nearby peripheral nerve. In the present study, changes were made in the environment into which the cells were placed to test whether reinnervation was improved by: 1) prior nerve degeneration, induced by sciatic nerve transection 1 week before cell transplantation; 2) transplantation of 1 million versus 5 million cells; 3) addition of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the transplant. Ten weeks after cell transplantation, axons had grown from all of the transplants. The numbers of myelinated axons that regenerated into the tibial, medial (MG), and lateral gastrocnemius-soleus (LGS) nerves were similar across treatments. The mean diameters of large LGS axons (>6 μm) were significantly larger with nerve degeneration before transplantation. The mean diameters of MG and LGS axons were significantly larger with transplantation of 1 million versus 5 million cells. Silver-stained experimental and control lateral gastronemius (LG) muscles showed axons that terminated at motor end plates. Nodal and terminal sprouts were more common in reinnervated muscles (45–63% of all end plates) than in control muscles (10%). Electrical stimulation of the transplants induced weak contractions in 39 of 47 MG muscles (83%) and 33 of 46 LG muscles (72%) but at higher voltages than needed to excite control muscles. The threshold for MG contraction was lower with transplantation of 1 million cells, while LG thresholds were lower without NGF. The cross-sectional area of whole LG muscles was significantly larger with cell transplantation (immediate or delayed) than with media alone, but all of these muscle areas were reduced significantly compared with control muscle areas. These data suggest that delayed transplantation of fewer cells without NGF assists regeneration of larger diameter axons and prevents some muscle atrophy.

scholarly journals Single pellet grasping following cervical spinal cord injury in adult rat using an automated full-time training robot

2016 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith K. Fenrich ◽  
Zacincte May ◽  
Abel Torres-Espín ◽  
Juan Forero ◽  
David J. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Single Pellet ◽  
Cord Injury

Restoration of Active Extension of Fore­arm in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury at C5-C6 Level

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
V. G Golubev ◽  
A. V Baskov ◽  
I. Yu Lisitskiy ◽  
M. V Boev ◽  
Kh. I Mershed
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Reconstructive Operations ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Upper Extremity Function

Surgical reconstruction of upper extremity function in patients with high tetraplegia is presented. Five patients with sequelae of cervical spinal cord injury at C5-C6 level were operated on. Seven reconstructive operations were performed. Surgery consists of m. biceps brachii transposition to m. triceps brachii through the medial end of the humerus. First clinical experience is discussed.

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