Riluzole Reduces Incidence of Abnormal Movements but Not Striatal Cell Death in a Primate Model of Progressive Striatal Degeneration

1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Palfi ◽  
Danielle Riche ◽  
Emmanuel Brouillet ◽  
Marie-Caroline Guyot ◽  
Véronique Mary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Abnormal Movements ◽  
Striatal Degeneration

scholarly journals Calpain Is a Major Cell Death Effector in Selective Striatal Degeneration InducedIn Vivoby 3-Nitropropionate: Implications for Huntington's Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 5020-5030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bizat ◽  
Jean-Michel Hermel ◽  
Frédéric Boyer ◽  
Carine Jacquard ◽  
Christophe Créminon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Striatal Degeneration ◽  
Death Effector

scholarly journals A new and spontaneous animal model for ankylosing spondylitis  is found in cynomolgus monkeys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan JIA ◽  
Meili CHEN ◽  
Xiaoling LUO ◽  
Gang HOU ◽  
Ting LUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Abnormal Movements ◽  
Human Primate

Abstract Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive, disabling joint disease that affects millions worldwide. There is a lack of useful disease model to conduct comprehensive mechanistic studies. Non-human primate model is a potential spontaneous model for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods A group of cynomolgus monkeys with abnormal joints and abnormal movements were screened out from about 20,000 cynomolgus monkeys primarily. A 2-years follow-up study of this group of cynomolgus monkeys having joint lesions reported of spinal stiffness was performed by conducting hematological testing, radiographic examination, family aggregation analysis, pathological analysis and genetic testing. Results These diseased animals suffered from spontaneous AS with clinical features recapitulating human AS disease progression. The spontaneous incidence rate and the onset age of AS in monkeys similar to epidemiological features of AS patients. The disease progression in disease monkeys have shown bone erosion, osteophyte formation and “Bamboo-like” change. ESR, CRP IL-17, TNF-α and VEGF levels significantly increase in AS monkeys comparing with normal monkeys. Several features similar to AS patients, including cartilage destruction, cartilage ossification, chondroid metaplasia and bone formation were shown in AS monkeys pathological examination results. Both the serum bone resorption and bone formation biomarkers of AS monkeys were significantly reduce. In our current SNP sequencing results, loci that similar to AS-relative SNPs in human genome have not yet been found. Conclusions The study offers a promising non-human primate model for spontaneous ankylosing spondylitis which may serve as an excellent substitute for its pre-clinical research.

scholarly journals Implication of the Subthalamic Nucleus in the Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Benazzouz ◽  
B. Piallat ◽  
Z. G. Ni ◽  
A. Koudsie ◽  
P. Pollak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Abnormal Movements

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to play an important role in the control of movement and has been considered as a key structure in the functional organization of the basal ganglia. Several studies postulated that the STN plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and that its inhibition or its lesioning can reverse the cardinal motor symptoms. Nevertheless, the beneficial effect was accompanied by dyskinetic abnormal movements. In order to avoid unpleasant and irreversible side effects we used high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the STN instead of lesions. We have shown that parkinsonian motor symptoms, akinesia, rigidity, and tremor can be alleviated by HFS of the STN in the nonhuman primate model. Side effects were controllable and appeared only at intensities higher than that inducing the improvement of motor symptoms. In severe parkinsonian patients, bilateral STN-HFS greatly improved parkinsonian motor symptoms. Motor fluctuations were attenuated and patients became independent in most activities of daily living. It appears that STN-HFS mimics the effects of lesions by inhibiting its neuronal activity. In a rat model of parkinsonism, we studied the implication of the STN in the excitotoxicity of nigral dopamine cells. We showed that kainic acid lesioning of the STN can protect nigral dopaminergic cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced toxicity. The evidence reviewed in the present article clearly demonstrates that the STN is implicated in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the monkey ovary: III. Ultrastructure induced by high (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
A. Dykeman ◽  
J. Jarrelf ◽  
D. C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Induction Cycle ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent and mobile organochlorine pesticide, occurs in environment. HCB has been shown to be present in human follicular fluid. An objective of the present report, which is part of a comprehensive study on reproductive toxicity of HCB, was to determine the cytologic effects of the compound on ovarian follicles in a primate model.Materials and Methods. Eight Cynomolgus monkeys were housed under controlled conditions at Animal facility of Health and Welfare, Ottawa. Animals were orally administered gelatin capsules containing HCB mixed with glucose in daily dosages of 0.0 or 10 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days; the former was the control group. On the menstrual period following completion of dosing, the monkeys underwent an induction cycle of superovulation. At necropsy, one-half of an ovary from each animal was diced into ca. 2- to 3-mm cubed specimens that were fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). Subsequent procedures followed to obtain thin sections that were examined in a Hitachi H-7000 electron microscope have been described earlier.

DNA nick end labeling: a reliable marker for apoptosis?

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Anne F. Bushnell ◽  
Sarah Webster ◽  
Lynn S. Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Dna Laddering ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Reliable Marker

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important mechanism in development and in diverse disease states. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis were first identified using the electron microscope. Since then, DNA laddering on agarose gels was found to correlate well with apoptotic cell death in cultured cells of dissimilar origins. Recently numerous DNA nick end labeling methods have been developed in an attempt to visualize, at the light microscopic level, the apoptotic cells responsible for DNA laddering.The present studies were designed to compare various tissue processing techniques and staining methods to assess the occurrence of apoptosis in post mortem tissue from Alzheimer's diseased (AD) and control human brains by DNA nick end labeling methods. Three tissue preparation methods and two commercial DNA nick end labeling kits were evaluated: the Apoptag kit from Oncor and the Biotin-21 dUTP 3' end labeling kit from Clontech. The detection methods of the two kits differed in that the Oncor kit used digoxigenin dUTP and anti-digoxigenin-peroxidase and the Clontech used biotinylated dUTP and avidinperoxidase. Both used 3-3' diaminobenzidine (DAB) for final color development.

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