The Relationship between SMN, the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Protein, and Nuclear Coiled Bodies in Differentiated Tissues and Cultured Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Young ◽  
Thanh T. Le ◽  
Nguyen thi Man ◽  
Arthur H.M. Burghes ◽  
Glenn E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Coiled Bodies ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Spinal Muscular Atrophy Disease Gene Product, Smn

1999 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Carvalho ◽  
Fátima Almeida ◽  
Alexandre Calapez ◽  
Miguel Lafarga ◽  
Maria T. Berciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Disease Gene ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Cajal Body ◽  
Cajal Bodies ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Sm Proteins ◽  
Coiled Bodies

The spliceosomal snRNAs U1, U2, U4, and U5 are synthesized in the nucleus, exported to the cytoplasm to assemble with Sm proteins, and reimported to the nucleus as ribonucleoprotein particles. Recently, two novel proteins involved in biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) were identified, the Spinal muscular atrophy disease gene product (SMN) and its associated protein SIP1. It was previously reported that in HeLa cells, SMN and SIP1 form discrete foci located next to Cajal (coiled) bodies, the so-called “gemini of coiled bodies” or “gems.” An intriguing feature of gems is that they do not appear to contain snRNPs. Here we show that gems are present in a variable but small proportion of rapidly proliferating cells in culture. In the vast majority of cultured cells and in all primary neurons analyzed, SMN and SIP1 colocalize precisely with snRNPs in the Cajal body. The presence of SMN and SIP1 in Cajal bodies is confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy and by microinjection of antibodies that interfere with the integrity of the structure. The association of SMN with snRNPs and coilin persists during cell division, but at the end of mitosis there is a lag period between assembly of new Cajal bodies in the nucleus and detection of SMN in these structures, suggesting that SMN is targeted to preformed Cajal bodies. Finally, treatment of cells with leptomycin B (a drug that blocks export of U snRNAs to the cytoplasm and consequently import of new snRNPs into the nucleus) is shown to deplete snRNPs (but not SMN or SIP1) from the Cajal body. This suggests that snRNPs flow through the Cajal body during their biogenesis pathway.

Hydrocephalus in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeetendra P. Sah ◽  
Aaron W. Abrams ◽  
Geetha Chari ◽  
Craig Linden ◽  
Yaacov Anziska
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this article, we reported a case of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I noted to have tetraventricular hydrocephalus with Blake's pouch cyst at 8 months of age following intrathecal nusinersen therapy. The association of hydrocephalus with SMA is rarely reported in the literature. Development of hydrocephalus after intrathecal nusinersen therapy is also reported in some cases, but a cause–effect relationship is not yet established. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of a patient with SMA type I and hydrocephalus, to review similar cases reported in the literature, and to explore the relationship between nusinersen therapy and development of hydrocephalus. The clinical presentation and radiographic findings of the patient are described and a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. The adverse effect of communicating hydrocephalus related to nusinersen therapy is being reported and the authors suggest carefully monitoring for features of hydrocephalus developing during the course of nusinersen therapy.

scholarly journals Understanding the relationship between the 32-item motor function measure and daily activities from an individual with spinal muscular atrophy and their caregivers’ perspective: a two-part study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Duong ◽  
Jessica Braid ◽  
Hannah Staunton ◽  
Aurelie Barriere ◽  
Fani Petridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Function Measure

Abstract Background The 32-item Motor Function Measure (MFM32) is a clinician-reported outcome measure used to assess the functional abilities of individuals with neuromuscular diseases, including those with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). This two-part study explored the relationship between the functional abilities assessed in the MFM32 and activities of daily living (ADLs) from the perspective of individuals with Type 2 and Type 3 (non-ambulant and ambulant) SMA and their caregivers through qualitative interviews and a quantitative online survey. Methods In-depth, semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with individuals with SMA and caregivers from the US. Subsequently, a quantitative online survey was completed by individuals with SMA or their caregivers from France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Canada, the United States (US) and the UK. In both parts of the study, participants were asked to describe the ADLs considered to be related to the functional abilities assessed in the MFM32. Results from the qualitative interviews informed the content of the quantitative online survey. Results Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 adult participants, and 217 participants completed the quantitative online survey. From the qualitative interviews, all of the functional abilities assessed in the patient-friendly MFM32 were deemed as related to one or more ADL. The specific ADLs that participants considered related to the patient-friendly MFM32 items could be grouped into 10 key ADL domains: dressing, mobility/transferring, self-care, self-feeding, reaching, picking up and holding objects, physical activity, writing and technology use, social contact/engagement, toileting and performing work/school activities. These results were confirmed by the quantitative online survey whereby the ADLs reported to be related to each patient-friendly MFM32 item were consistent and could be grouped into the same 10 ADL domains. Conclusion This study provides in-depth evidence from the patient/caregiver perspective supporting the relevance of the patient-friendly MFM32 items to the ADLs of individuals with Type 2 and Type 3 SMA.

scholarly journals The E3 ubiquitin ligase mind bomb 1 ubiquitinates and promotes the degradation of survival of motor neuron protein

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1863-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Y. Kwon ◽  
Maria Dimitriadi ◽  
Barbara Terzic ◽  
Casey Cable ◽  
Anne C. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Proteasome Inhibition ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Smn Protein ◽  
Survival Of Motor Neuron

Spinal muscular atrophy is an inherited motor neuron disease that results from a deficiency of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN is ubiquitinated and degraded through the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). We have previously shown that proteasome inhibition increases SMN protein levels, improves motor function, and reduces spinal cord, muscle, and neuromuscular junction pathology of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) mice. Specific targets in the UPS may be more efficacious and less toxic. In this study, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, mind bomb 1 (Mib1), interacts with and ubiquitinates SMN and facilitates its degradation. Knocking down Mib1 levels increases SMN protein levels in cultured cells. Also, knocking down the Mib1 orthologue improves neuromuscular function in Caenorhabditis elegans deficient in SMN. These findings demonstrate that Mib1 ubiquitinates and catalyzes the degradation of SMN, and thus represents a novel therapeutic target for SMA.

Nuclear Gems and Cajal (Coiled) Bodies in Fetal Tissues: Nucleolar Distribution of the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Protein, SMN

2001 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Young ◽  
T.T. Le ◽  
M. Dunckley ◽  
Nguyen thi Man ◽  
A.H.M. Burghes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Coiled Bodies

Ultrastructural Correlations between Clonal Human Tumor Colonies and in Vivo Neoplasms

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M.J. Murphy ◽  
R.R. Price ◽  
J.C. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cloning Assay ◽  
Human Tumor Cloning ◽  
The Relationship

The in vitro human tumor cloning assay originally described by Salmon and Hamburger has been applied recently to the investigation of differential anti-tumor drug sensitivities over a broad range of human neoplasms. A major problem in the acceptance of this technique has been the question of the relationship between the cultured cells and the original patient tumor, i.e., whether the colonies that develop derive from the neoplasm or from some other cell type within the initial cell population. A study of the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured cells vs. patient tumor has therefore been undertaken to resolve this question. Direct correlation was assured by division of a common tumor mass at surgical resection, one biopsy being fixed for TEM studies, the second being rapidly transported to the laboratory for culture.

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