Solid-phase Phosphorus Pools in Highly Organic Carbonate Sediments of Northeastern Florida Bay

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Koch ◽  
R.E. Benz ◽  
D.T. Rudnick
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Phosphorus Pools ◽  
Organic Carbonate

Dissolution and recrystallization in modern shelf carbonates: evidence from pore water and solid phase chemistry

1993 ◽  
Vol 344 (1670) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Exchange ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Carbonate Minerals ◽  
Carbonate Production

We present an overview of geochemical data from pore waters and solid phases that clarify earliest diagenetic processes affecting modern, shallow marine carbonate sediments. Acids produced by organic matter decomposition react rapidly with metastable carbonate minerals in pore waters to produce extensive syndepositional dissolution and recrystallization. Stoichiometric relations among pore water solutes suggest that dissolution is related to oxidation of H 2 S which can accumulate in these low-Fe sediments. Sulphide oxidation likely occurs by enhanced diffusion of O 2 mediated by sulphide-oxidizing bacteria which colonize oxic/anoxic interfaces invaginating these intensely bioturbated sediments. Buffering of pore water stable isotopic compositions towards values of bulk sediment and rapid 45 Ca exchange rates during sediment incubations demonstrate that carbonate recrystallization is a significant process. Comparison of average biogenic carbonate production rates with estimated rates of dissolution and recrystallization suggests that over half the gross production is dissolved and/or recrystallized. Thus isotopic and elemental composition of carbonate minerals can experience significant alteration during earliest burial driven by chemical exchange among carbonate minerals and decomposing organic matter. Temporal shifts in palaeo-ocean carbon isotope composition inferred from bulk-rocks may be seriously compromised by facies-dependent differences in dissolution and recrystallization rates.

Extractable and pyrolyzed hydrocarbons in shallow-water carbonate sediments, Florida Bay, Florida

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M Mitterer ◽  
I.P Dzou ◽  
R.M Miranda ◽  
M.E Caughey
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Water Carbonate ◽  
Shallow Water Carbonate

Is carbonate sediment dissolution a significant source of dissolved organic matter to Florida Bay?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Zeller ◽  
Bryce Van Dam ◽  
Chris Lopes ◽  
Ashley Smyth ◽  
Christopher Osburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Autochthonous Organic Matter ◽  
The Impact

<p>Florida Bay is subtropical embayment characterized by dense Thalassia testudinum seagrass meadows, the prevalence of carbonate-rich sediments, and relatively long residence times (~1 yr). Florida Bay seagrass meadows store appreciable quantities of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter (OM) as so-called ‘blue carbon’, the fate of which is therefore tied to that of the carbonate minerals it is bound to.  Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations are also relatively high (~7-12 mg/L), despite potential photo-oxidative loss in this shallow and long residence time system, as well as low internal DOC production due to the ecosystem’s documented oligotrophy.  These carbonate sediments can dissolve through net acid production via sediment heterotrophic processes as well as sulfide oxidation, processes which may be enhanced via O<sub>2</sub> pumping through seagrass roots.  </p><p>This study investigated the impact of carbonate dissolution on the release of sediment-associated OM to surface waters, and the relative contribution of this process to surface water DOC quantity and quality.  We undertook a three-part experimental approach, with analyses including EEMs, δ13C-DOC, and FT-ICR-MS, to better understand the sources and fate of DOC in Florida Bay. 1) We conducted a spatial survey of surface waters, pore waters, and acid-leachable (representing the ‘carbonate-bound’ OM fraction) sedimentary OM.  2)  We conducted a DOM photodegradation study using two potential source surface waters, from a main tributary (Taylor Slough) and a central mangrove island.  3) We conducted benthic flux experiments using intact sediment cores facilitating direct measurements of the quality and quantity of DOC release from sediments. The flux information was placed into the context of sediment dissolution rates, estimated from coinciding determinations of alkalinity and inorganic carbon.</p><p>While analyses are ongoing, our initial results indicate a high degree of similarity between the fluorescence signature (PARAFAC components and fluorescence indices) of acid-leachable sedimentary OM, and that of DOC in pore water and surface water throughout Florida Bay.  Taken together, our study points to sediment dissolution as an important, yet understudied, process affecting organic carbon cycling in carbonate-dominated systems like Florida Bay.</p>

Geochemical signal of seasonality in annually laminated organic- carbonate sediments in Shira lake (Khakasia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (s1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Ivan KALUGIN ◽  
Andrey DARIN ◽  
Denis ROGOZIN ◽  
Gennady TRET'YAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Sediments ◽  
Organic Carbonate

Solid-phase immunoelectron microscopy for rapid diagnosis of enteroviruses

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 226-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pegg-Feige ◽  
F. W. Doane
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Virus Diagnosis ◽  
Antiviral Antibody

Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) applied to rapid virus diagnosis offers a more sensitive detection method than direct electron microscopy (DEM), and can also be used to serotype viruses. One of several IEM techniques is that introduced by Derrick in 1972, in which antiviral antibody is attached to the support film of an EM specimen grid. Originally developed for plant viruses, it has recently been applied to several animal viruses, especially rotaviruses. We have investigated the use of this solid phase IEM technique (SPIEM) in detecting and identifying enteroviruses (in the form of crude cell culture isolates), and have compared it with a modified “SPIEM-SPA” method in which grids are coated with protein A from Staphylococcus aureus prior to exposure to antiserum.

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

Dynamic studies of silicide-mediated crystallization of amorphous silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1352-1353
Author(s):  
C. Hayzelden ◽  
J. L. Batstone
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metallic Phase ◽  
Single Crystal Substrate ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Melt Temperature ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystal Substrate ◽  
High Resolution Tem

Epitaxial reordering of amorphous Si(a-Si) on an underlying single-crystal substrate occurs well below the melt temperature by the process of solid phase epitaxial growth (SPEG). Growth of crystalline Si(c-Si) is known to be enhanced by the presence of small amounts of a metallic phase, presumably due to an interaction of the free electrons of the metal with the covalent Si bonds near the growing interface. Ion implantation of Ni was shown to lower the crystallization temperature of an a-Si thin film by approximately 200°C. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), precipitates of NiSi2 formed within the a-Si film during annealing, were observed to migrate, leaving a trail of epitaxial c-Si. High resolution TEM revealed an epitaxial NiSi2/Si(l11) interface which was Type A. We discuss here the enhanced nucleation of c-Si and subsequent silicide-mediated SPEG of Ni-implanted a-Si.Thin films of a-Si, 950 Å thick, were deposited onto Si(100) wafers capped with 1000Å of a-SiO2. Ion implantation produced sharply peaked Ni concentrations of 4×l020 and 2×l021 ions cm−3, in the center of the films.

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