scholarly journals gon-4, a Cell Lineage Regulator Required for Gonadogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans

2000 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Friedman ◽  
Sonia Santa Anna-Arriola ◽  
Jonathan Hodgkin ◽  
Judith Kimble
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals Microinjection into the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo using an uncoated glass needle enables cell lineage visualization and reveals cell-non-autonomous adhesion control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kikuchi ◽  
Akatsuki Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Glass Needle ◽  
Time Specific

AbstractMicroinjection is a useful method in cell biology, with which exogenous substances are introduced into a cell in a location- and time-specific manner. The Caenorhabditis elegans embryo is an important model system for cell and developmental biology. Applying microinjection to the C. elegans embryo had been difficult due to the rigid eggshell surrounding the embryo. In 2013, microinjection method using a carbon-coated quartz needle for the C. elegans embryo was reported. To prepare the needle, unfortunately, special equipment is required and thus a limited number of researchers can use this method. In this study, we established a method for the microinjection of drugs, dyes, and microbeads into the C. elegans embryo using an uncoated glass needle that can be produced in a general laboratory. This method enabled us to easily detect cell lineage up to adult stages by injecting a fluorescent dye into a blastomere. We also found a cell-non-autonomous control mechanism of cell adhesion; specifically, the injection of an actin inhibitor into one cell at the 2-cell stage enhanced adhesion between daughter cells of the other cell. Our microinjection method is expected to be used for broad studies and could facilitate various discoveries using C. elegans.

scholarly journals Combinatorial specification of blastomere identity by glp-1-dependent cellular interactions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 3325-3338 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P. Moskowitz ◽  
S.B. Gendreau ◽  
J.H. Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Cellular Interaction ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Embryo ◽  
Extensive Cell ◽  
A Cell

Most somatic cells in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans arise from AB, the anterior blastomere of the 2-cell embryo. While the daughters of AB, ABa and ABp, are equivalent in potential at birth, they adopt different fates as a result of their unique positions. One such difference is that the distribution of epidermal precursors arising from ABp is reversed along the anterior-posterior axis relative to those arising from ABa. We have found that a strong mutation in the glp-1 gene eliminates this ABa/ABp difference. Furthermore, extensive cell lineage analyses showed that ABp adopts an ABa-like fate in this mutant. This suggests that glp-1 acts in a cellular interaction that makes ABp distinct from ABa. One ABp-specific cell type was previously shown to be induced by an interaction with a neighboring cell, P2. By removing P2 from early embryos, we have found that the widespread differences between ABa and ABp arise from induction of the entire ABp fate by P2. Lineage analyses of genetically and physically manipulated embryos further suggest that the identifies of the AB great-granddaughters (AB8 cells) are controlled by three regulatory inputs that act in various combinations. These inputs are: (1) induction of the ABp-specific fate by P2, (2) a previously described induction of particular AB8 cells by a cell called MS, and (3) a process that controls whether an AB8 cell is an epidermal precursor in the absence of either induction. When an AB8 cell is caused to receive a new combination of these regulatory inputs, its lineage pattern is transformed to resemble the lineage of the wild-type AB8 cell normally receiving that combination of inputs. These lineage patterns are faithfully reproduced irrespective of position in the embryo, suggesting that each combination of regulatory inputs directs a unique lineage program that is intrinsic to each AB8 cell.

scholarly journals A Cell Fate Switch in the Caenorhabditis elegans Seam Cell Lineage Occurs Through Modulation of the Wnt Asymmetry Pathway in Response to Temperature Increase

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 214 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hintze ◽  
Sneha L. Koneru ◽  
Sophie P. R. Gilbert ◽  
Dimitris Katsanos ◽  
Julien Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Culture Temperature ◽  
Cell Fate Decisions ◽  
Seam Cell ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
A Cell

Populations often display consistent developmental phenotypes across individuals despite inevitable biological stochasticity. Nevertheless, developmental robustness has limits, and systems can fail upon change in the environment or the genetic background. We use here the seam cells, a population of epidermal stem cells in Caenorhabditis elegans, to study the influence of temperature change and genetic variation on cell fate. Seam cell development has mostly been studied so far in the laboratory reference strain (N2), grown at 20° temperature. We demonstrate that an increase in culture temperature to 25° introduces variability in the wild-type seam cell lineage, with a proportion of animals showing an increase in seam cell number. We map this increase to lineage-specific symmetrization events of normally asymmetric cell divisions at the fourth larval stage, leading to the retention of seam cell fate in both daughter cells. Using genetics and single-molecule imaging, we demonstrate that this symmetrization occurs via changes in the Wnt asymmetry pathway, leading to aberrant Wnt target activation in anterior cell daughters. We find that intrinsic differences in the Wnt asymmetry pathway already exist between seam cells at 20° and this may sensitize cells toward a cell fate switch at increased temperature. Finally, we demonstrate that wild isolates of C. elegans display variation in seam cell sensitivity to increased culture temperature, although their average seam cell number is comparable at 20°. Our results highlight how temperature can modulate cell fate decisions in an invertebrate model of stem cell patterning.

scholarly journals Comparing Cell Division- and Cell Reproduction-based Cell Lineage Analysis for Early Embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi V. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cell Reproduction ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Lineage Analysis

ABSTRACTCell lineage analysis holds important stakes for understanding heredity and cell differentiation. Conventional cell lineages are reconstructed according to a cell division doctrine of one mother cell dividing into two daughter cells. An alternative cell lineage reconstruction method followed a cell reproduction discovery of multiple daughter cells reproduced from a same mother cell. To see which reconstruction method reflects reality of early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans, a side-by-side comparison was made between two methods. Here I show cell division-based lineage distorted reality and failed in revealing any true genealogy. Cell reproduction – based lineage conformed to reality with exact same number of cells in every developmental stage under examination and showed clear genealogical relationship. A paradigm-shift from cell division-to cell reproduction-based cell lineage analysis is necessary for correct understanding of developmental biology and will lead to a revolution in cell biology and life science.

scholarly journals Aspects of the biology of regeneration and repair in the human gastrointestinal tract

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1370) ◽  
pp. 925-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gastric Gland ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Mucosal Ulceration ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Trefoil Peptides ◽  
Pyloric Mucosa ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Altered Gene

The main pathways of epithelial differentiation in the intestine, Paneth, mucous, endocrine and columnar cell lineages are well recognized. However, in abnormal circumstances, for example in mucosal ulceration, a cell lineage with features distinct from these emerges, which has often been dismissed in the past as ‘pyloric’ metaplasia, because of its morphological resemblance to the pyloric mucosa in the stomach. However, we can conclude that this cell lineage has a defined phenotype unique in gastrointestinal epithelia, has a histogenesis that resembles that of Brunner's glands, but acquires a proliferative organization similar to that of the gastric gland. It expresses several peptides of particular interest, including epidermal growth factor, the trefoil peptides TFF1, TFF2, TFF3, lysozyme and PSTI. The presence of this lineage also appears to cause altered gene expression in adjacent indigenous cell lineages. We propose that this cell lineage is induced in gastrointestinal stem cells as a result of chronic mucosal ulceration, and plays an important part in ulcer healing; it should therefore be added to the repertoire of gastrointestinal stem cells.

scholarly journals Redefining interferon-producing killer dendritic cells as a novel intermediate in NK-cell differentiation

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (19) ◽  
pp. 4349-4357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Guimont-Desrochers ◽  
Geneviève Boucher ◽  
Zhongjun Dong ◽  
Martine Dupuis ◽  
André Veillette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Adoptive Transfer ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Current View ◽  
Antitumoral Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Differentiation ◽  
A Cell

Abstract The cell lineage origin of IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs), which exhibit prominent antitumoral activity, has been subject to debate. Although IKDCs were first described as a cell type exhibiting both plasmacytoid DC and natural killer (NK) cell properties, the current view reflects that IKDCs merely represent activated NK cells expressing B220, which were thus renamed B220+ NK cells. Herein, we further investigate the lineage relation of B220+ NK cells with regard to other NK-cell subsets. We surprisingly find that, after adoptive transfer, B220− NK cells did not acquire B220 expression, even in the presence of potent activating stimuli. These findings strongly argue against the concept that B220+ NK cells are activated NK cells. Moreover, we unequivocally show that B220+ NK cells are highly proliferative and differentiate into mature NK cells after in vivo adoptive transfer. Additional phenotypic, functional, and transcriptional characterizations further define B220+ NK cells as immediate precursors to mature NK cells. The characterization of these novel attributes to B220+ NK cells will guide the identification of their ortholog in humans, contributing to the design of potent cancer immunotherapies.

Major sex-determining genes and the control of sexual dimorphism in Caenorhabditis elegans

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hodgkin ◽  
Andrew D. Chisholm ◽  
Michael M. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
The Many ◽  
Lineage Analysis

Sex determination in Caenorhabditis elegans involves a cascade of major regulatory genes connecting the primary sex determining signal, X chromosome dosage, to key switch genes, which in turn direct development along either male or female pathways. Animals with one X chromosome (XO) are male, while animals with two X chromosomes (XX) are hermaphrodite: hermaphrodite development occurs because the action of the regulatory genes is modified in the germ line so that both sperm and oocytes are made inside a completely female soma. The regulatory genes are being examined by both genetic and molecular means. We discuss how these major genes, in particular the last switch gene in the cascade, tra-1, might regulate the many different sex-specific events that occur during the development of the hermaphrodite and of the male.Key words: nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, sex determination, sexual differentiation, cell lineage analysis.

scholarly journals Centrosome movement in the early divisions of Caenorhabditis elegans: a cortical site determining centrosome position.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 1185-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Correct Position ◽  
Rotational Movement ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Proposed Model

In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, early blastomeres of the P cell lineage divide successively on the same axis. This axis is a consequence of the specific rotational movement of the pair of centrosomes and nucleus (Hyman, A. A., and J. G. White. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 105:2123-2135). A laser has been used to perturb the centrosome movements that determine the pattern of early embryonic divisions. The results support a previously proposed model in which a centrosome rotates towards its correct position by shortening of connections, possibly microtubules, between a centrosome and a defined site on the cortex of the embryo.

ISOLATION AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL-LINEAGE MUTANTS OF THE NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Robert Horvitz ◽  
John E Sulston
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Recessive Mutations

ABSTRACT Twenty-four mutants that alter the normally invariant post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been isolated and genetically characterized. In some of these mutants, cell divisions fail that occur in wild-type animals; in other mutants, cells divide that do not normally do so. The mutants differ in the specificities of their defects, so that it is possible to identify mutations that affect some cell lineages but not others. These mutants define 14 complementation groups, which have been mapped. The abnormal phenotype of most of the cell-lineage mutants results from a single recessive mutation; however, the excessive cell divisions characteristic of one strain, CB1322, require the presence of two unlinked recessive mutations. All 24 cell-lineage mutants display incomplete penetrance and/or variable expressivity. Three of the mutants are suppressed by pleiotropic suppressors believed to be specific for null alleles, suggesting that their phenotypes result from the complete absence of gene activity.

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