scholarly journals Mislocalization of oskar Product in the Anterior Pole Results in Ectopic Localization of Mitochondrial Large Ribosomal RNA in Drosophila Embryos

1995 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kobayashi ◽  
Reiko Amikura ◽  
Akira Nakamura ◽  
Hiromitsu Saito ◽  
Masukichi Okada
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Anterior Pole ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

scholarly journals A small sequence in domain v of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA restores Drosophila melanogaster pole cell determination in uv-irradiated embryos

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Psaila ◽  
Donatella Ponti ◽  
Marta Ponzi ◽  
Franca Gigliani ◽  
Piero Battaglia
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Luciferase Activity ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Base Sequence ◽  
Cell Determination ◽  
Pole Cell ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
Domain V ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

AbstractThe mechanism by which the mitochondrial large rRNA is involved in the restoration of the pole cell-forming ability in Drosophila embryos is still unknown. We identified a 15-ribonucleotide sequence which is conserved from the protobacterium Wolbachia to the higher eukaryotes in domain V of the mitochondrial large rRNA. This short sequence is sufficient to restore pole cell determination in UV-irradiated Drosophila embryos. Here, we provide evidence that the conserved 15-base sequence is sufficient to restore luciferase activity in vitro. Moreover, we show that the internal GAGA sequence is involved in protein binding and that mutations in this tetranucleotide affect the sequence’s ability to restore luciferase activity. The obtained results lead us to propose that mtlrRNA may be involved either in damaged protein reactivation or in protein biosynthesis during pole cell determination.

RNA regulatory element BLE1 directs the early steps of bicoid mRNA localization

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1233-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Macdonald ◽  
K. Kerr ◽  
J.L. Smith ◽  
A. Leask
Keyword(s):  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Mrna Localization ◽  
Morphogen Gradient ◽  
Anterior Pole ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

Deployment of the bicoid morphogen gradient in early Drosophila embryos requires the prelocalization of bicoid mRNA to the anterior pole of the egg. This anterior localization is mediated by a cis-acting localization signal contained within the 3′ untranslated region of the bicoid mRNA. Here we use a series of bicoid transgenes carrying small deletions in the 3′ untranslated region to survey for functional elements that constitute the localization signal. We identify and characterize one essential element, BLE1, which specifically directs the early steps of localization. In addition, we find that many deletions within the bicoid mRNA 3′ untranslated region impair but do not prevent localization. One such deletion specifically interferes with a later step in localization. Thus the bicoid mRNA localization signal appears to consist of multiple different elements, each responsible for different steps in the localization process.

The development of Drosophila embryos after partial u.v. irradiation

Development ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-408
Author(s):  
M. Bownes ◽  
K. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Anterior Pole ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

U.v. irradiation of the anterior pole of nuclear multiplication stage Drosophila eggs produces embryos with defective anterior structures. At a low frequency embryos resembling some phenotypes of the bicaudal syndrome of Drosophila were observed. These embryos had no head or thorax and the eight abdominal segments were spread to the anterior of the embryo. Sometimes spiracles, characteristic of the most posterior embryonic segment were observed at the anterior of the embryo. The development of these embryos was followed, and abnormalities occurred as early as blastoderm formation. The extent of the blastoderm defects correlated well with the final abnormality in the embryo.

Visualisation of E. coli ribosomal RNA in situ by electron spectroscopic imaging and image averaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
Daniel Beniac ◽  
George Harauz
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microscopical Technique ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Protein Components

The structures of E. coli ribosomes have been extensively probed by electron microscopy of negatively stained and frozen hydrated preparations. Coupled with quantitative image analysis and three dimensional reconstruction, such approaches are worthwhile in defining size, shape, and quaternary organisation. The important question of how the nucleic acid and protein components are arranged with respect to each other remains difficult to answer, however. A microscopical technique that has been proposed to answer this query is electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI), in which scattered electrons with energy losses characteristic of inner shell ionisations are used to form specific elemental maps. Here, we report the use of image sorting and averaging techniques to determine the extent to which a phosphorus map of isolated ribosomal subunits can define the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) distribution within them.

Detection and mapping of interactions between chromatin and the nuclear envelope in drosophila embryos

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
W.F. Marshall ◽  
A.F. Dernburg ◽  
B. Harmon ◽  
J.W. Sedat
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Nuclear Surface ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Surface Harmonic ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

Interactions between chromatin and nuclear envelope (NE) have been implicated in chromatin condensation, gene regulation, nuclear reassembly, and organization of chromosomes within the nucleus. To further investigate the physiological role played by such interactions, it will be necessary to determine which loci specifically interact with the nuclear envelope. This will not only facilitate identification of the molecular determinants of this interaction, but will also allow manipulation of the pattern of chromatin-NE interactions to probe possible functions. We have developed a microscopic approach to detect and map chromatin-NE interactions inside intact cells.Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is used to localize specific chromosomal regions within the nucleus of Drosophila embryos and anti-lamin immunofluorescence is used to detect the nuclear envelope. Widefield deconvolution microscopy is then used to obtain a three-dimensional image of the sample (Fig. 1). The nuclear surface is represented by a surface-harmonic expansion (Fig 2). A statistical test for association of the FISH spot with the surface is then performed.

Laser scanning confocal microscopic analysis of cytoskeletal and nuclear reorganization in live Drosophila embryos

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
William Theurkauf
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Nuclear Reorganization ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Microtubule Structure ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

Cell division in eucaryotes depends on coordinated changes in nuclear and cytoskeletal components. In Drosophila melanogaster embryos, the first 13 nuclear divisions occur without cytokinesis. During the final four divisions, nuclei divide in a uniform monolayer at the surface of the embryo. These surface divisions are accompanied by dramatic changes in cortical actin and microtubule structure (Karr and Alberts, 1986), and inhibitor studies indicate that these changes are essential to orderly mitosis (Zalokar and Erk, 1976). Because the early embryo is syncytial, fluorescent probes introduced by microinjection are incorporated in structures associated with all of the nuclei in the blastoderm. In addition, the nuclei divide synchronously every 10 to 20 min. These characteristics make the syncytial blastoderm embryo an excellent system for the analysis of mitotic reorganization of both nuclear and cytoskeletal elements. However, the Drosophila embryo is a large cell, and resolution of cytoskeletal filaments and nuclear structure is hampered by out-of focus signal.

Standard Protocol for Establishing Cell Lines from Drosophila Embryos

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryu Ueda ◽  
Kumiko Ui-Tei ◽  
Johnny Roberts ◽  
Lucy Cherbas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Drosophila Embryos
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