Twenty-Four-Hour Rhythms in Immune Responses in Rat Submaxillary Lymph Nodes and Spleen: Effect of Cyclosporine

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Esquifino ◽  
Laura Selgas ◽  
Agustı́n Arce ◽  
Valeria Della Maggiore ◽  
Daniel P. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes

scholarly journals Systemic immune reaction in axillary lymph nodes adds to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer prognostication

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Liu ◽  
Thomas Hardiman ◽  
Kailiang Wu ◽  
Jelmar Quist ◽  
Patrycja Gazinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

AbstractThe level of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-positive breast cancers convey prognostic information. The importance of systemic immunity to local immunity is unknown in breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that histological alterations in axillary lymph nodes (LNs) carry clinical relevance. Here, we capture local immune responses by scoring TILs at the primary tumor and systemic immune responses by recording the formation of secondary follicles, also known as germinal centers, in 2,857 cancer-free and involved axillary LNs on haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections from a retrospective cohort of 161 LN-positive triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Our data demonstrate that the number of germinal center formations across all cancer-free LNs, similar to high levels of TILs, is associated with a good prognosis in low TILs TNBC. This highlights the importance of assessing both primary and LN immune responses for prognostication and for future breast cancer research.

scholarly journals Innate cell microenvironments in lymph nodes shape the generation of T cell responses during type I inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (56) ◽  
pp. eabb9435
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Leal ◽  
Jessica Y. Huang ◽  
Karan Kohli ◽  
Caleb Stoltzfus ◽  
Miranda R. Lyons-Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
Cell Effector

Microanatomical organization of innate immune cells within lymph nodes (LNs) is critical for the generation of adaptive responses. In particular, steady-state LN-resident dendritic cells (Res cDCs) are strategically localized to intercept lymph-draining antigens. Whether myeloid cell organization changes during inflammation and how that might affect the generation of immune responses are unknown. Here, we report that during type I, but not type II, inflammation after adjuvant immunization or viral infection, antigen-presenting Res cDCs undergo CCR7-dependent intranodal repositioning from the LN periphery into the T cell zone (TZ) to elicit T cell priming. Concurrently, inflammatory monocytes infiltrate the LNs via local blood vessels, enter the TZ, and cooperate with Res cDCs by providing polarizing cytokines to optimize T cell effector differentiation. Monocyte infiltration is nonuniform across LNs, generating distinct microenvironments with varied local innate cell composition. These spatial microdomains are associated with divergent early T cell effector programming, indicating that innate microenvironments within LNs play a critical role in regulating the quality and heterogeneity of T cell responses. Together, our findings reveal that dynamic modulation of innate cell microenvironments during type I inflammation leads to optimized generation of adaptive immune responses to vaccines and infections.

Mesenchymal stem cells induce the expansion of regulatory T cells in abortion-prone mice

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Salek Farrokhi ◽  
Amir-Hassan Zarnani ◽  
Fatemeh Rezaei kahmini ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most common complications of early pregnancy associated in most cases with local or systemic immune abnormalities such as the diminished proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate immune responses by de novo induction and expansion of Tregs. In this study, we analyzed the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in Treg-associated pregnancy protection following MSCs administration in an abortion-prone mouse mating. In a case-control study, syngeneic abdominal fat-derived MSCs were administered intraperitoneally (i.p) to the DBA/2-mated CBA/J female mice on day 4.5 of pregnancy. Abortion rate, Tregs proportion in spleen and inguinal lymph nodes, and Ho1, Foxp3, Pd1, and Ctla4 genes expression at the feto-maternal interface were then measured on day 13.5 of pregnancy using flow cytometry and quantitative RT- PCR, respectively. The abortion rate in MSCs-treated mice was significantly reduced and normalized to the level observed in normal pregnant animals. We demonstrated a significant induction of Tregs in inguinal lymph nodes but not in the spleen following MSCs administration. Administration of MSCs remarkably upregulated the expression of HO1, Foxp3, Pd1, and Ctla4 genes in both placenta and decidua. Here, we show that MSCs therapy could protect the fetus in the abortion-prone mice through Tregs expansion and up-regulation of Treg-related genes. These events could establish an immune-privileged microenvironment, which participates in regulation of detrimental maternal immune responses against the semi-allogeneic fetus.

Synthetic Polymeric Mixed Micelles Targeting Lymph Nodes Trigger Enhanced Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2874-2889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi Li ◽  
Xiaoxu Zhang ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Jiulong Zhang ◽  
Wenpan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

scholarly journals Rho-mDia1 pathway is required for adhesion, migration, and T-cell stimulation in dendritic cells

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (26) ◽  
pp. 5875-5884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Tanizaki ◽  
Gyohei Egawa ◽  
Kayo Inaba ◽  
Tetsuya Honda ◽  
Saeko Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Cell Stimulation ◽  
T Cell Stimulation ◽  
Acquired Immune Responses

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the initiation of acquired immune responses through antigen acquisition, migration, maturation, and T-cell stimulation. One of the critical mechanisms in this response is the process actin nucleation and polymerization, which is mediated by several groups of proteins, including mammalian Diaphanous-related formins (mDia). However, the role of mDia in DCs remains unknown. Herein, we examined the role of mDia1 (one of the isoforms of mDia) in DCs. Although the proliferation and maturation of bone marrow-derived DCs were comparable between control C57BL/6 and mDia1-deficient (mDia1−/−) mice, adhesion and spreading to cellular matrix were impaired in mDia1−/− bone marrow–derived DCs. In addition, fluorescein isothiocyanate-induced cutaneous DC migration to draining lymph nodes in vivo and invasive migration and directional migration to CCL21 in vitro were suppressed in mDia1−/− DCs. Moreover, sustained T-cell interaction and T-cell stimulation in lymph nodes were impaired by mDia1 deficiency. Consistent with this, the DC-dependent delayed hypersensitivity response was attenuated by mDia1-deficient DCs. These results suggest that actin polymerization, which is mediated by mDia1, is essential for several aspects of DC-initiated acquired immune responses.

scholarly journals Multiphoton Intravital Microscopy of Mandibular Draining Lymph Nodes: A Mouse Model to Study Corneal Immune Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Lopez ◽  
Yashar Seyed-Razavi ◽  
Takefumi Yamaguchi ◽  
Gustavo Ortiz ◽  
Victor G. Sendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intravital Microscopy ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

A fast-dissolving microneedle array loaded with chitosan nanoparticles to evoke systemic immune responses in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilin Li ◽  
Yingju He ◽  
Li Deng ◽  
Zhi-Rong Zhang ◽  
Yunzhu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Schematic illustration of fast-dissolving microneedle (MN) arrays loaded with chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to achieve lymph nodes (LNs) targeted delivery of antigens and adjuvants to induce adaptive immune responses.

scholarly journals Enriched LPS Staining within the Germinal Center of a Lymph Node from an HIV-Infected Long-Term Nonprogressor but Not from Progressors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lei Huang ◽  
Jianning Deng ◽  
Ren Lang ◽  
Guoyang Liao ◽  
Wei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Immunohistochemistry Staining ◽  
Hiv Negative

An increased level of microbial translocation has been observed in HIV-infected individuals. The host response to microbial translocation is compromised in HIV-infected progressors but remains unknown in HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). To evaluate microbial translocation in HIV, we assessed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immunohistochemistry staining in lymph nodes. We found enriched bacterial LPS immunohistochemistry staining in the germinal center of a lymph node from an HIV-infected LTNP, evenly distributed from three progressors with impaired germinal center structures and rarely detected from two HIV-negative individuals. The impaired germinal center structures were consistent with collagen deposition in lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry staining. These results suggest greater immune responses against bacterial LPS translocation in LTNPs, which may reveal an important mechanism in controlling microbial translocation and disease progression in HIV LTNPs.

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