Impact of Pheidole megacephala (F.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the Biological Control of Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector González-Hernández ◽  
Marshall W Johnson ◽  
Neil J Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pheidole Megacephala ◽  
Dysmicoccus Brevipes

Some aspects of insecticidal and biological control of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hsm.) in Rhodesia

1965 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. M. Carnegie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Pheidole Megacephala ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Foliage Spray

In insecticide trials in 1962–63 in Rhodesia against woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hsm.), no appreciable control was achieved by applying ½ fluid oz. of a 40 per cent, emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate per tree at 2- to 3-week intervals for 16 weeks in any of the following ways: painted directly on the lower trunk; absorbed in a cotton-wool band applied to the trunk, after being diluted 1:3 in water; applied to a furrow around the stem after being diluted in four gallons of water; injected into the soil with a nematicide injector after being diluted 1:4 in water.A foliage spray of DDT (0·195% active ingredient) had a gradual controlling effect on the aphid and caused no upsurge such as might have occurred had the parasitic activities of Aphelinus mali (Hald.) been suppressed.Activity of the ant Pheidole megacephala (F.) was immediately halted on trees sprayed with DDT and was suppressed on trees the trunks of which were painted with dimethoate and on those banded with a dimethoate-soaked barrier.Over a fourteen-month period, the numbers of living aphid colonies fluctuated before decreasing at the same time as the activity of A. mali intensified.

Interference by ants in biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Ghana

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Cudjoe ◽  
P. Neuenschwander ◽  
M. J. W. Copland
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Epidinocarsis Lopezi ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pheidole Megacephala ◽  
Cassava Mealybug ◽  
Parasitism Rates

AbstractIn surveys of cassava fields in the coastal savanna and rain forest zones of Ghana, eight species of ants, mostly in the genera Camponotus, Crematogaster and Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), were found attending cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. Ant densities were much higher in the rain forest than in the savanna and, in most zones, positively correlated to mealybug population densities. Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) was the only species more abundant in the interior of fields, whereas the other species preferred the edges of fields or, like Camponotus spp., did not respond to edge effects. Weediness of the fields did not clearly influence the presence of ants. Crematogaster sp. and P. megacephala spent most of the time on cassava tips, where they built carton tents. Ants of the three genera reduced parasitism rates by the exotic Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to half, compared to the rates observed on mealybug colonies of equal size that were not attended. Hyperparasitism by Prochiloneurus insolitus (Alam) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Chartocerus hyalipennis Hayat (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae) and predation by the indigenous Exochomus troberti Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were similarly reduced. Where ants were excluded experimentally by insectcide barriers, parasitism was 32%, compared to only 10% in the control, and predator densities were reduced three-fold. In a 24 h experiment, Pheidole megacephala was observed to remove about half the E. troberti larvae; Crematogaster sp. and Camponotus spp. were less efficient. The results show the locally strong interference of ants with biological control of the cassava mealybug. Despite this interference, mealybug populations in the rain forest were judged to be below damaging levels.

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

Cost-Benefit Reasoning About Biological Control

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Monroe ◽  
Corinne Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cost Benefit

Yellow Brazilian Pepper-tree Leaf Galler (suggested common name) Calophya latiforceps Burckhardt (Insecta: Hemiptera: Calophyidae: Calophyinae)

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Cuda ◽  
Patricia Prade ◽  
Carey R. Minteer-Killian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Pepper Tree ◽  
Brazilian Pepper ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Tree Leaf

In the late 1970s, Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae), was targeted for classical biological control in Florida because its invasive properties (see Host Plants) are consistent with escape from natural enemies (Williams 1954), and there are no native Schinus spp. in North America. The lack of native close relatives should minimize the risk of damage to non-target plants from introduced biological control agents (Pemberton 2000). [...]

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