Functional Analysis of Human Metaxin in Mitochondrial Protein Import in Cultured Cells and Its Relationship with the Tom Complex

2000 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleque Md. Abdul ◽  
Kazutoyo Terada ◽  
Masato Yano ◽  
Michael T. Ryan ◽  
Illo Streimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Import ◽  
Tom Complex

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Protein Import

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (44) ◽  
pp. 45701-45707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Esaki ◽  
Hidaka Shimizu ◽  
Tomoko Ono ◽  
Hayashi Yamamoto ◽  
Takashi Kanamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Import ◽  
Tom Complex ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Cytosolic Side

Protein translocation across the outer mitochondrial membrane is mediated by the translocator called the TOM (translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane) complex. The TOM complex possesses two presequence binding sites on the cytosolic side (thecissite) and on the intermembrane space side (thetranssite). Here we analyzed the requirement of presequence elements and subunits of the TOM complex for presequence binding to thecisandtranssites of the TOM complex. The N-terminal 14 residues of the presequence of subunit 9 of F0-ATPase are required for binding to thetranssite. The interaction between the presequence and thecissite is not sufficient to anchor the precursor protein to the TOM complex. Tom7 constitutes or is close to thetranssite and has overlapping functions with the C-terminal intermembrane space domain of Tom22 in the mitochondrial protein import.

scholarly journals Assembly of the Mitochondrial Protein Import Channel

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 3106-3113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Becker ◽  
Bernard Guiard ◽  
Nicolas Thornton ◽  
Nicole Zufall ◽  
David A. Stroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Membrane Insertion ◽  
Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Import ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
Tom Complex ◽  
Assembly Pathway ◽  
Assembly Defect

The preprotein translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) consists of a central β-barrel channel, Tom40, and six proteins with α-helical transmembrane segments. The precursor of Tom40 is imported from the cytosol by a pre-existing TOM complex and inserted into the outer membrane by the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM). Tom40 then assembles with α-helical Tom proteins to the mature TOM complex. The outer membrane protein Mim1 promotes membrane insertion of several α-helical Tom proteins but also affects the biogenesis of Tom40 by an unknown mechanism. We have identified a novel intermediate in the assembly pathway of Tom40, revealing a two-stage interaction of the precursor with the SAM complex. The second SAM stage represents assembly of Tom5 with the precursor of Tom40. Mim1-deficient mitochondria accumulate Tom40 at the first SAM stage like Tom5-deficient mitochondria. Tom5 promotes formation of the second SAM stage and thus suppresses the Tom40 assembly defect of mim1Δ mitochondria. We conclude that the assembly of newly imported Tom40 is directly initiated at the SAM complex by its association with Tom5. The involvement of Mim1 in Tom40 biogenesis can be largely attributed to its role in import of Tom5.

Mitochondrial health maintenance in axons

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika B. Harbauer
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Import ◽  
Mitochondrial Transport ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Neuronal Maintenance ◽  
Mitotic Cells

Neurons are post-mitotic cells that must function throughout the life of an organism. The high energetic requirements and Ca2+ spikes of synaptic transmission place a burden on neuronal mitochondria. The removal of older mitochondria and the replenishment of the functional mitochondrial pool in axons with freshly synthesized components are therefore important parts of neuronal maintenance. Although the mechanism of mitochondrial protein import and dynamics is studied in great detail, the length of neurons poses additional challenges to those processes. In this mini-review, I briefly cover the basics of mitochondrial biogenesis and proceed to explain the interdependence of mitochondrial transport and mitochondrial health. I then extrapolate recent findings in yeast and mammalian cultured cells to neurons, making a case for axonal translation as a contributor to mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons.

scholarly journals The Spliced Leader RNA Silencing (SLS) Pathway in Trypanosoma brucei Is Induced by Perturbations of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Complex, or Mitochondrial Protein Factors: Functional Analysis of SLS-Inducing Kinase PK3

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uthman Okalang ◽  
Bar Mualem Bar-Ner ◽  
K. Shanmugha Rajan ◽  
Nehemya Friedman ◽  
Saurav Aryal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Sulfhydryl Oxidase ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Import ◽  
Spliced Leader ◽  
Quiescin Sulfhydryl Oxidase

In this study, we found that SLS is induced by depletion of the essential ER-resident chaperones BiP and calreticulin, ER oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1), and the Golgi complex-localized quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX). Most strikingly, silencing of Rhomboid-like 1 (TIMRHOM1), involved in mitochondrial protein import, also induces SLS.

Functional analysis of mitochondrial protein import in yeast

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Glaser ◽  
Cynthia E. Trueblood ◽  
Lori K. Dircks ◽  
Robert O. Poyton ◽  
Michael G. Cumsky
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Import

scholarly journals Cryo-EM structure of the mitochondrial protein-import channel TOM complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Tucker ◽  
Eunyong Park
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Import ◽  
Tom Complex ◽  
Polar Interactions

AbstractNearly all mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and imported into mitochondria following synthesis on cytosolic ribosomes. These precursor proteins are translocated into mitochondria by the TOM complex, a protein-conducting channel in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Using cryo-EM, we have obtained high-resolution structures of both apo and presequence-bound core TOM complexes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in dimeric and tetrameric forms. Dimeric TOM consists of two copies each of five proteins arranged in two-fold symmetry—Tom40, a pore-forming β-barrel with an overall negatively-charged inner surface, and four auxiliary α-helical transmembrane proteins. The structure suggests that presequences for mitochondrial targeting insert into the Tom40 channel mainly by electrostatic and polar interactions. The tetrameric complex is essentially a dimer of dimeric TOM, which may be capable of forming higher-order oligomers. Our study reveals the molecular organization of the TOM complex and provides new insights about the mechanism of protein translocation into mitochondria.

scholarly journals Cytosolic ribosomes on the surface of mitochondria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki A. M. Gold ◽  
Piotr Chroscicki ◽  
Piotr Bragoszewski ◽  
Agnieszka Chacinska
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein Import ◽  
Tom Complex ◽  
Nascent Chain ◽  
Subtomogram Averaging ◽  
Cytosolic Ribosomes

AbstractBy electron cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging, translation-arrested ribosomes were used to depict the clustered organisation of the TOM complex on the surface of mitochondria, corroborating earlier reports of localized translation. Ribosomes were shown to interact specifically with the TOM complex and nascent chain binding was crucial for ribosome recruitment and stabilization. Ribosomes were bound to the membrane in discrete clusters, often in the vicinity of the crista junctions. This interaction highlights how protein synthesis may be coupled with transport, and the importance of spatial organization for efficient mitochondrial protein import.

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