Nepotism and marmot alarm calling

1998 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK E HAUBER ◽  
PAUL W SHERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Calling

ALARM CALLING IN SRI LANKAN MIXED-SPECIES BIRD FLOCKS

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eben Goodale ◽  
Sarath W. Kotagama
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Alarm Calling

Selective Forces Affecting the Predator Alarm Calls of Vervet Monkeys

Behaviour ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy L. Cheney ◽  
Robert M. Seyfarth
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Alarm Calling ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractVervet monkeys in Amboseli National Park, Kenya are preyed upon by four types of predator: mammalian carnivores, eagles, baboons, and snakes. Over a 14 month period, adult males and females gave first alarm calls at comparable rates. Both observation on the frequency of alarm-calling and experiments on the duration of alarm-calling indicated that high-ranking adult males and females gave alarm calls more often than low-ranking adult males and females. Individuals who alarm-called most often did not vocalize most often during social interactions, nor did they spend more time than others surveying the habitat around them. There was some tendency, however, for females who alarm-called most often to precede other females in group progressions. Limited evidence suggests that adult males who gave most alarm calls were more likely than other males to have fathered the group's juveniles and infants. Among adult females, however, there was no correlation between number of offspring and frequency of first alarm calls. Females who gave alarm calls most often were not more likely than other females to spend large proportions of observation time more than 2 m from their offspring. Data on a small sample of confirmed predatory attacks suggest that the offspring of high-ranking females may have been more vulnerable than other immatures to predation. Such differential vulnerability may have resulted in part from the tendency of the offspring of high-ranking females to precede other juveniles in group progressions. Vervets of all age/sex classes alarm-called most at those species of predators to which they themselves seemed to be most vulnerable. Adult vervets gave relatively few alarm calls to predators to which their offspring, but not themselves, were vulnerable, even though such alarm calls would have been of low cost to themselves and of great potential benefit to their offspring. While some aspects of the alarm-calling behavior of vervet monkeys are consistent with the hypothesis that their alarms have evolved to benefit kin, in other respects their alarms appear to have the consequence of benefitting only the alarmists themselves. It is likely that both kin and individual selection, acting on an individual's inclusive fitness, have played a role in the evolution of vervet monkeys' alarm calls.

THE EFFECT OF CHANGING CALL DURATION AND CALLING BOUTS ON VIGILANCE IN BRANTS' WHISTLING RAT, PAROTOMYS BRANTSII

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
pp. 1287-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliza Le Roux ◽  
Michael Cherry ◽  
Tim Jackson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Alarm Calling ◽  
Functionally Referential ◽  
Long Calls

AbstractThe function of variation in single call duration and alarm calling bouts was investigated in Brants' whistling rat, Parotomys brantsii, by means of playback experiments and video analyses of the vigilance displayed. Short calls are produced in high-risk situations, and long calls in low-risk encounters, but these calls apparently do not communicate this variance in risk to conspecifics. Both short and long single calls induced heightened vigilance in receivers, but rats did not respond differentially to the two call types, and it was concluded that P.brantsii alarm calls are not functionally referential. Multiple calls maintained a state of increased alertness in receivers for a longer period than single calls, even after the bouts had ended, but long bouts (duration: 64 s) did not lead to longer periods of vigilance than short bouts (29 s). Thus the tonic communication hypothesis is only partially supported by our study.

scholarly journals Occurrence and variability of tactile interactions between wild American crows and dead conspecifics

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1754) ◽  
pp. 20170259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaeli Swift ◽  
John M. Marzluff
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Alarm Call ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
American Crow ◽  
Alarm Calling ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
American Crows ◽  
The Dead

Observations of some mammals and birds touching their dead provoke questions about the motivation and adaptive value of this potentially risky behaviour. Here, we use controlled experiments to determine if tactile interactions are characteristic of wild American crow responses to dead crows, and what the prevalence and nature of tactile interactions suggests about their motivations. In Experiment 1, we test if food or information acquisition motivates contact by presenting crows with taxidermy-prepared dead crows, and two species crows are known to scavenge: dead pigeons and dead squirrels. In Experiment 2, we test if territoriality motivates tactile interactions by presenting crows with taxidermy crows prepared to look either dead or upright and life-like. In Experiment 1, we find that crows are significantly less likely to make contact but more likely to alarm call and recruit other birds in response to dead crows than to dead pigeons and squirrels. In addition, we find that aggressive and sexual encounters with dead crows are seasonally biased. These findings are inconsistent with feeding or information acquisition-based motivation. In Experiment 2, we find that crows rarely dive-bomb and more often alarm call and recruit other crows to dead than to life-like crows, behaviours inconsistent with responses given to live intruders. Consistent with a danger response hypothesis, our results show that alarm calling and neighbour recruitment occur more frequently in response to dead crows than other stimuli, and that touching dead crows is atypical. Occasional contacts, which take a variety of aggressive and sexual forms, may result from an inability to mediate conflicting stimuli. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary thanatology: impacts of the dead on the living in humans and other animals’.

Alarm Calling and Kinship

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Claudia Stephan ◽  
Klaus Zuberbühler
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Calling

Not Words but Meanings? Alarm Calling Behaviour in a Forest Guenon

2010 ◽  
pp. 437-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Arnold ◽  
Yvonne Pohlner ◽  
Klaus Zuberbühler
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Calling ◽  
Calling Behaviour

Alarm Calling

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Mélissa Berthet ◽  
Klaus Zuberbühler
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Calling
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