Certainty of paternity and paternal care in birds: a reply to Dale

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. MØLLER ◽  
T.R. BIRKHEAD
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity

Certainty of paternity covaries with paternal care in birds

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Møller ◽  
T. R. Birkhead
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity

PARENTAL CARE AND PARENTAGE IN MONOGAMOUS GREAT SPOTTED WOODPECKERS (PICOIDES MAJOR) AND MIDDLE SPOTTED WOODPECKERS (PICOIDES MEDIUS)

Behaviour ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
pp. 1259-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Winkler ◽  
Klaus Michalek
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Male Investment ◽  
Paternal Effort ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity ◽  
Very High

AbstractPaternal effort is high in some monogamous mating systems. Trivers' (1972) model predicts that high male investment in brood care should evolve only when males have a high certainty of paternity. For this study, we chose two woodpecker species: the great spotted woodpecker (Picoides major) and the middle spotted woodpecker (Picoides medius). Both species were socially monogamous despite a very high breeding density in the study area. We used DNA fingerprinting to determine whether these two species were also genetically monogamous. We found that in great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers paternal effort was high. Multi-locus DNA-fingerprinting showed that its actual paternity was also very high. In P. major all 161 young from 36 broods and in P. medius all 61 young from 13 broods were sired by the male feeding at the nest hole. There were also no cases of intraspecific brood parasitism or quasi parasitism (P. major: 114 chicks from 24 broods; P.medius: 33 chicks from 8 broods). We further found no case of mate switching during the fertile period of the female. Great spotted and middle spotted woodpeckers are typical of a group of monogamous nonpasserine birds with high male investment in brood care having low frequencies of EPP. We did not find efficient paternity guards. High certainty of paternity may be explained by paternal care being essential for female reproductive success, as in many seabirds and birds of prey. Females rarely engage in extra-pair copulations probably because they are constrained by male care. Males in both species spend little effort in acquiring mates as well as in extrapair copulations. They expend their reproductive effort in defending territories and in parental care. Females compete intensely with members of their own sex for pair formation before the time of frequent copulation. Choosing and securing a high quality partner is the only possibility to achieve high reproductive success for both sexes.

scholarly journals Relating paternity to paternal care

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1419) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Collared Flycatcher ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity

Intuition suggests, to most people, that parents should be selected to care for their offspring in relation to how certain they are of being the parents of those offspring. Theoretical models of the relationship between parental investment and certainty of parentage predict the two to be related only when some other assumptions are made, few of which can be taken for granted. I briefly review the models and their assumptions, and discuss two kinds of difficulty facing an empiricist wishing to test the models. The first is the problem of unmeasured (and immeasurable) variables. The second is the problem that even the most extensive models do not capture the complexity that can be demonstrated in real systems. I illustrate some of these problems, and some qualitative tests of the models, with experimental work on a population of the collared flycatcher. My conclusion is that although there are some cases where the models have qualitative support, we are a long way from understanding whether paternal care is commonly adjusted in relation to certainty of paternity.

scholarly journals Facultative adjustment of paternal care in the face of female infidelity in dunnocks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo S. A. Santos ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Fledging Success ◽  
Male Effect ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Certainty Of Paternity

AbstractA much-debated issue is whether or not males should reduce parental care when they lose paternity (i.e. the certainty of paternity hypothesis). While there is general support for this relationship across species, within-population evidence is still contentious. Among the main reasons behind such problem is the confusion discerning between-from within-individual patterns. Here, we tested this hypothesis empirically by investigating the parental care of male dunnocks (Prunella modularis) in relation to paternity. We used a thorough dataset of observations in a wild population, genetic parentage, and a within-subject centring statistical approach to disentangle paternal care adjustment within-male and between males. We found support for the certainty of paternity hypothesis, as there was evidence for within-male adjustment in paternal care when socially monogamous males lost paternity to extra-pair sires. There was little evidence of a between-male effect overall. Our findings show that monogamous males adjust paternal care when paired to the same female partner. We also show that – in monogamous broods – the proportion of provisioning visits made by males yields fitness benefits in terms of fledging success. Our results suggest that socially monogamous females that engage in extra-pair behaviour may suffer fitness costs, as their partners’ reduction in paternal care can negatively affect fledging success.

scholarly journals Female extra‐pair behavior is not associated with reduced paternal care in Thorn‐tailed Rayadito

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanina Poblete ◽  
Esteban Botero‐Delgadillo ◽  
Pamela Espíndola‐Hernández ◽  
Gabriela Südel ◽  
Rodrigo A. Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care

Unique courtship and spawning behaviour in the wrinkled frog, Nyctibatrachus humayuni

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narahari P. Gramapurohit ◽  
Sachin M. Gosavi ◽  
Samadhan K. Phuge
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Wet Rocks

AbstractFrogs of the genus Nyctibatrachus (family Nyctibatrachidae) exhibit a unique reproductive behaviour. They may completely lack or have an abbreviated amplexus, deposit terrestrial eggs and even offer paternal care. We studied the courtship and spawning behaviour of Nyctibatrachus humayuni from Matheran located in the northern region of the Western Ghats of India. The breeding season of N. humayuni coincides with the onset of south-west monsoon. Adult males vocalise from their calling sites on wet rocks/dead logs that often harbour egg clutches and females approach the calling males, resulting in a loose cephalic amplexus that lasts up to 10 minutes. The male dismounts and sits aside; then the female deposits the eggs and moves away from the spawning site or into the water. The mean clutch size and the egg diameter are found to be 30.3 ± 1.89 and 2.44 ± 0.04 mm, respectively. Once the female moves away following spawning, the male slowly moves on to the eggs and fertilises them. The males of N. humayuni appear to be territorial and offer parental care by attending the eggs only during night. Paternal egg attendance most probably reduces the risk of predation by nocturnal predators.

Paternal care in the Neotropical harvestman Cynorta bromeliacia (Opiliones: Cosmetidae).

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany N. Damron ◽  
Kevin O. Sagastume-Espinoza ◽  
Stuart J. Longhorn
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care
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