Perception of available space during chimpanzee introductions: Number of accessible areas is more important than enclosure size

Zoo Biology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Herrelko ◽  
Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith ◽  
Sarah-Jane Vick
Keyword(s):  
Enclosure Size

Enclosure size and the use of local and global geometric cues for orientation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley R. Sturz ◽  
Martha R. Forloines ◽  
Kent D. Bodily
Keyword(s):  
Enclosure Size ◽  
Geometric Cues

scholarly journals Getting It Straight: Accommodating Rectilinear Behavior in Captive Snakes—A Review of Recommendations and Their Evidence Base

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Clifford Warwick ◽  
Rachel Grant ◽  
Catrina Steedman ◽  
Tiffani J. Howell ◽  
Phillip C. Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Scientific Letter ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Enclosure Size ◽  
Current Guidance

Snakes are sentient animals and should be subject to the accepted general welfare principles of other species. However, they are also the only vertebrates commonly housed in conditions that prevent them from adopting rectilinear behavior (ability to fully stretch out). To assess the evidence bases for historical and current guidance on snake spatial considerations, we conducted a literature search and review regarding recommendations consistent with or specifying ≥1 × and <1 × snake length enclosure size. We identified 65 publications referring to snake enclosure sizes, which were separated into three categories: peer-reviewed literature (article or chapter appearing in a peer-reviewed journal or book, n = 31), grey literature (government or other report or scientific letter, n = 18), and opaque literature (non-scientifically indexed reports, care sheets, articles, husbandry books, website or other information for which originating source is not based on scientific evidence or where scientific evidence was not provided, n = 16). We found that recommendations suggesting enclosure sizes shorter than the snakes were based entirely on decades-old ‘rule of thumb’ practices that were unsupported by scientific evidence. In contrast, recommendations suggesting enclosure sizes that allowed snakes to fully stretch utilized scientific evidence and considerations of animal welfare. Providing snakes with enclosures that enable them to fully stretch does not suggest that so doing allows adequate space for all necessary normal and important considerations. However, such enclosures are vital to allow for a limited number of essential welfare-associated behaviors, of which rectilinear posturing is one, making them absolute minimum facilities even for short-term housing.

Influence of the Size of Enclosures on the Swimming Characteristics of Juvenile Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Tang ◽  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Planktivorous Fish ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Enclosure Size

We tested the hypothesis that swimming characteristics of an active planktivorous fish, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), are significantly influenced by the size of enclosure and the time of day. Swimming characteristics of 0+ brook trout kept in 1,- 8,- and 27-m3 enclosures were recorded with an underwater videocamera system between 06:00 and 20:00. Enclosure size had a significant influence on swimming characteristics. Median speed (range = 6.4–11.1 cm/s) and associated variance observed in the 27-m3 enclosure were approximately twice those estimated in the 1- and 8-m3 enclosures. Variance of acceleration rates varied three- to fourfold among enclosures. Median turning rates (range = 11.8–19.8°/s) and corresponding variances tended to decrease as enclosure size increased. Our analyses suggest that models of spontaneous swimming costs developed using respirometry experiments performed in small aquaria may not appropriately represent the complexity of swimming patterns, and consequently, the costs of spontaneous swimming in large enclosures or in the field.

scholarly journals Aggression level and enclosure size in horses (Equus caballus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 495–504-495–504
Author(s):  
B Flauger ◽  
K Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Enclosure Size ◽  
Aggression Level

Effects of enclosure size on sexual behavior of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett G. Galef ◽  
Sarah J. Watkins ◽  
Parastoo Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Enclosure Size

Separating the impact of group size, density, and enclosure size on broiler movement and space use at a decreasing perimeter to area ratio

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hoerl Leone ◽  
Mary C. Christman ◽  
Larry Douglass ◽  
Inma Estevez
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Enclosure Size ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Calculating association indices in captive animals: Controlling for enclosure size and shape

2015 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Carly L. Chadwick ◽  
David A. Springate ◽  
Paul A. Rees ◽  
Richard P. Armitage ◽  
Sean J. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Size And Shape ◽  
Enclosure Size

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasites and Fecal Cortisol Metabolites in Multi-Unowned-Cat Environments: The Impact of Housing Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Xavier Blasco ◽  
Xavier Manteca ◽  
Manel López-Béjar ◽  
Anaïs Carbajal ◽  
Joaquim Castellà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Cortisol ◽  
Enclosure Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cortisol Metabolites

Housing conditions were assessed in different unowned multi-cat management models in order to evaluate their impact on the occurrence of intestinal parasites and fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels. Fresh stool fecal samples were collected from rescue shelters, catteries and feline colonies for coprological analyses in order to detect intestinal parasite patency and fecal cortisol metabolites. A questionnaire provided information about the facilities, management and housing conditions of cats, including information about dog exposure, enclosure size, environment enrichment and changes to group composition. Overall, intestinal parasite infection was detected in 58.2% of fecal samples collected. The occurrence of intestinal parasites detected in free-roaming cats was 82.2%, mainly due to helminth infection. The parasite infection rate was 57.3% in rescue shelters and 34.6% in catteries. In confined cats, protozoa infection was more likely detected in rescue shelters than in catteries (RR = 2.02 (1.30–3.14), p = 0.0012). Although the FCM values were very variable between cats, the enclosure size and parasite infection were correlated with the average FCM. A small enclosure size was correlated with high fecal cortisol metabolites (p = 0.016). Protozoa-positive samples showed higher FCM levels than negative samples (p = 0.0150). High dog exposure was statistically associated with protozoa infection (p = 0.0006). The results indicated that improving housing, especially in terms of floor space and avoiding dog exposure, reduces stress and can thus be applied to make control strategies in multi-unowned-cat environments more efficient, especially when cats are confined.

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