Assessment of diurnal urinary cortisol excretion in Asian and African elephants using different endocrine methods

Zoo Biology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine L. Brown ◽  
David C. Kersey ◽  
Elizabeth W. Freeman ◽  
Tarren Wagener
Keyword(s):  
African Elephants ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Cortisol Excretion

URINARY EXCRETION OF FREE CORTISOL IN HYPERCALCAEMIA

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schønau Jorgensen ◽  
H. Kehlet
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Free Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Cortisol Excretion

ABSTRACT Human and animal studies have uniformly demonstrated increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity during acute hypercalcaemia. The HPA-activity during chronic hypercalcaemia was investigated by means of free urinary cortisol excretion. No difference in HPA activity could be demonstrated between a hyperparathyroid hypercalcaemic and a normocalcaemic group of patients. Based on these results it is suggested that during chronic hypercalcaemia, the HPA feed back mechanism overcomes the influence of hypercalcaemia on the HPA-axis.

Clinical evaluation of the liquid-chromatographic determination of urinary free cortisol.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 847-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Nakamura ◽  
M Yakata
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Urinary Free Cortisol ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract We recently reported (Clin. Chem. 28: 1497-1500, 1982) a liquid-chromatographic method for quantifying free cortisol in urine. We have since evaluated the clinical utility of our method by assaying cortisol in urine from normal subjects, patients, and subjects undergoing endocrine tests. We found that, in contrast with plasma cortisol, urinary cortisol is not bound to protein. It shows some correlation with 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in urine, but is independent of creatinine excretion. The amount of cortisol excreted daily by a particular individual was found to be fairly constant during nine or 10 days. Normal values determined for 203 apparently healthy individuals were 35.8 (SD 18.7) micrograms/day, with no significant sex-related differences but a tendency for a gradual decrease of cortisol excretion with age. We also report urinary cortisol excretion by patients with pituitary-adrenal disorders and some other diseases, and the pattern of response to dexamethasone and metyrapone administration.

Urinary Cortisol Excretion Rates and Anxiety in Normal 1-Year-Old Infants

1977 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Tennes ◽  
Karen Downey ◽  
Antonia Vernadakis
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Excretion Rates

Low urinary cortisol excretion in holocaust survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 710-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yehuda ◽  
B. Kahana ◽  
K. Binder-Brynes ◽  
S.M. Southwick ◽  
S. Zemelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Cortisol Excretion

scholarly journals Description of a human direct calorimeter, with a note on the energy cost of clerical work

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan D. Webster ◽  
Gillian Welsh ◽  
J. S. Garrow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Movement Detector ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Clerical Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Cortisol Excretion

1. A heat-sink calorimeter, suitable for the measurement of energy expenditure in human subjects over periods up to 26 h, is described.2. The performance of the calorimeter is illustrated by a study of four normal subjects at rest or performing clerical work for a period of 7.5 h. Each condition was measured in duplicate in each subject. On the resting days the subjects were recumbent, and on the working days they were seated throughout the measurement period. Heart rate was monitored by infra-red telemetry and physical activity by an ultrasound movement detector. Urinary cortisol excretion was also measured as an indicator of stress.3. In each subject the mean heat loss on working days was higher than that on resting days: the increase ranged from 5.1 % to 16.7, with a mean value of 10.0% (P = 0.015). There was no significant difference between resting and working days in heart rate, physical activity or urinary cortisol excretion.4. The present study confirms that tiring clerical work has very little effect on 24 h energy expenditure.

URINARY CORTISOL EXCRETION IN STRESS SITUATIONS AND IN PATIENTS WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. ESPINER
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urinary Cortisol Excretion ◽  
Cortisol Excretion ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARY Measurements of urinary free cortisol were made in convalescent subjects and in patients with established Cushing's syndrome and the results compared with those in acutely ill patients, in pregnancy and in surgical patients. Cortisol was measured in urine after paper chromatography, each measurement being corrected for losses according to the recovery of added internal standard (tritiated cortisol). In a number of cases, the diurnal rhythm of cortisol excretion was also examined and the results related to plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels and measurements of renal function. The mean 24 hr. urinary cortisol excretion in 13 convalescent subjects was 74μg. (range 35–98 μg./24 hr.) and all showed a well-marked diurnal rhythm. Patients with Cushing's syndrome excreted more than normal amounts of cortisol, even when plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids were in the normal range; there was a marked reversal in the diurnal rhythm of cortisol excretion. In 13 acutely ill medical patients with pyrexia, four only showed unequivocal increases in cortisol excretion although there was frequently an upset in the diurnal rhythm. The duration of the illness, rather than the severity, appeared to be an important factor so far as the response of the adrenals was concerned. A consistent increase in cortisol excretion was found in pregnancy but there was no significant difference between the day and night excretion of cortisol. The response to the stress of surgical trauma was largely dependent upon the severity of the operative procedure. The importance of emotional stress immediately before operation was shown in 4 out of 14 patients.

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