Assessment of reproductive status and ovulation in female brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) using fecal steroids and ovarian follicle size

Zoo Biology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jensen ◽  
B. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Fecal Steroids ◽  
Follicle Size

scholarly journals Seasonal and age related changes in size of reproductive structures of red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus)

Rangifer ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Langvatn
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cycle Maximum ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Performance

Morphometric studies of uteri, ovary weights, and follicle diameters were carried out to investigate possible methodological applications. Size and anatomical appearance of the uterus varied with age and phase in the estrous cycle, both in parous and nulliparous females. The uterus thus may provide valuable information on reproductive status for known-aged animals. Weight of ovaries increased in young, but declined in old females, showing significant covariance with body weight in young and prime ages. Ovary weights increased from low levels shortly after parturition to a maximum towards the end of the gestation period. Ovaries containing a corpus luteum were heavier than those without. Compared to ovary weights, mean diameter of largest ovarian follicle varied in an opposite pattern during the yearly cycle. Maximum follicle diameter was largest in non-ovulated females. Weight of ovaries and follicle size appear to be of limited value as criteria in analysis of reproductive status and performance.

Development of the first urinary reproductive hormone ranges referenced to independently determined ovulation day

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Sarah Weddell ◽  
Sonya Godbert ◽  
Guenter Freundl ◽  
Judith Roos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Status Information ◽  
Progesterone Metabolite ◽  
Level Analysis

AbstractUrinary hormone level analysis provides valuable fertility status information; however, previous studies have not referenced levels to the ovulation day, or have used outdated methods. This study aimed to produce reproductive hormone ranges referenced to ovulation day determined by ultrasound.Women aged 18–40 years (no reported infertility) collected daily urine samples for one complete menstrual cycle. Urinary luteinising hormone (LH), estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G, an estradiol metabolite), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (P3G, a progesterone metabolite) were measured using previously validated assays. Volunteers underwent trans-vaginal ultrasound every 2 days until the dominant ovarian follicle size reached 16 mm, when daily scans were performed until ovulation was observed. Data were analysed to create hormone ranges referenced to the day of objective ovulation as determined by ultrasound.In 40 volunteers, mean age 28.9 years, urinary LH surge always preceded ovulation with a mean of 0.81 days; thus LH is an excellent assay-independent predictor of ovulation. The timing of peak LH was assay-dependent and could be post-ovulatory; therefore should no longer be used to predict/determine ovulation. Urinary P3G rose from baseline after ovulation in all volunteers, peaking a median of 7.5 days following ovulation. Median urinary peak E3G and FSH levels occurred 0.5 days prior to ovulation. A persistent rise in urinary E3G was observed from approximately 3 days pre- until 5 days post-ovulation.This study provides reproductive hormone ranges referenced to the actual day of ovulation as determined by ultrasound, to facilitate examination of menstrual cycle endocrinology.

scholarly journals The Effect of Ovarian Follicle Size on Pituitary and Ovarian Responses to Copulation in Domesticated South American Camelids1

1991 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Bravo ◽  
G. H. Stabenfeldt ◽  
B. L. Lasley ◽  
M. E. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
South American ◽  
Follicle Size

scholarly journals Expression of integrins and GDF9 mRNAs is associated with ovarian follicle size and donor puberty status in pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 750-754
Author(s):  
Paweł Antosik ◽  
Michal Jeseta ◽  
Wiesława Kranc ◽  
Adrian Chachuła ◽  
Artur Bryja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Ovarian Folliculogenesis ◽  
Subordinate Role ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Main Factor

Ovarian folliculogenesis and oogenesis has a significant impact on embryo growth and development in preimplantation stages. Although both processes are widely understood in several species of mammals, including pigs, the factors influencing the proper maturation capability of oocytes, as well as the developmental competence of the surrounding somatic granulosa cells (GCs) and cumulus cells (CCs), are still not entirely known. This study aimed to investigate the expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and integrins (ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3 and ITGB4) in porcine oocytes isolated from follicles of various size and donors characterized by different puberty status. The relative abundance of GDF9, ITGB1, ITGB2, ITGB3, and ITGB4 mRNAs in porcine oocytes isolated from medium follicles of cycling sows (MFCS), small follicles of juvenile gilts (SFJG), and small follicles of cycling sows (SFCS) was assessed by an RT-qPCR assay. We found an increased expression of GDF9 in oocytes isolated from the small follicles of juvenile gilts as compared to the other two groups (P<0.001). A significant down-regulation of ITGB1 and ITGB2 oocyte mRNAs collected from medium follicles of cycling sows was observed (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The ITGB3 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in oocytes isolated from small follicles of juvenile gilts (P<0.001), whereas a lower expression of ITGB4 in oocytes from both medium follicles (cycling sows) and small follicles (juvenile gilts) was observed. In conclusion, GDF9 may be recognized as the main factor regulating follicle growth at early stages of folliculogenesis. The expression of ITGBs is significantly regulated by the puberty status of donor pigs, and different follicular sizes may play a subordinate role in integrin expression during in vivo follicle development in pigs.

scholarly journals Personality and gonadal development as sources of individual variation in response to GnRH challenge in female great tits

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1902) ◽  
pp. 20190142
Author(s):  
Samuel P. Caro ◽  
Charlotte A. Cornil ◽  
Kees van Oers ◽  
Marcel E. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Timing Of Reproduction ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽  
Follicle Size

Seasonal timing of reproduction is a key life-history trait, but we know little about the mechanisms underlying individual variation in female endocrine profiles associated with reproduction. In birds, 17β-oestradiol is a key reproductive hormone that links brain neuroendocrine mechanisms, involved in information processing and decision-making, to downstream mechanisms in the liver, where egg-yolk is produced. Here, we test, using a simulated induction of the reproductive system through a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) challenge, whether the ovary of pre-breeding female great tits responds to brain stimulation by increasing oestradiol. We also assess how this response is modified by individual-specific traits like age, ovarian follicle size, and personality, using females from lines artificially selected for divergent levels of exploratory behaviour. We show that a GnRH injection leads to a rapid increase in circulating concentrations of oestradiol, but responses varied among individuals. Females with more developed ovarian follicles showed stronger responses and females from lines selected for fast exploratory behaviour showed stronger increases compared to females from the slow line, indicating a heritable component. This study shows that the response of the ovary to reproductive stimulation from the brain greatly varies among individuals and that this variation can be attributed to several commonly measured individual traits, which sheds light on the mechanisms shaping heritable endocrine phenotypes.

scholarly journals Weaned Sows with Small Ovarian Follicles Respond Poorly to the GnRH Agonist Buserelin

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Tania P. Lopes ◽  
Lorena Padilla ◽  
Alfonso Bolarin ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Jordi Roca
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Buserelin Acetate ◽  
Follicular Size ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
And Control

The GnRH agonist buserelin (GnRH), used to synchronize ovulation in weaned sows, attains only 70–80% effectivity, owing to several reasons of ovarian origin. This study evaluated in particular whether mean ovarian follicle size at treatment and the season of weaning are among those influencing GnRH responsiveness. The experiment was carried out in a temperate-region farm with 352 sows of 1–6 parities weaned either in winter–spring (WS, 174 sows) or in summer–autumn (SA, 178 sows). The sows were randomized into two groups: GnRH (10 µg of buserelin acetate at 86 h after weaning, 172 sows) and control (180 sows). The ovaries were transrectally scanned from weaning to ovulation and the sows clustered according to their mean follicular size at treatment time: small (<0.5 cm in diameter), medium (0.5 to 0.64 cm) and large (0.65 to 1.09 cm). In total, 88.33% of the GnRH-treated sows ovulated, with 82% of them within the expected time window (120–132 h after weaning). In contrast, 95.45% of the unresponsive sows had small follicles at the time of treatment and were mostly weaned in SA (20.45%) than in WS (4.76%). In conclusion, the conspicuous presence of sows having small ovarian follicles at treatment time compromises the efficiency of the GnRH agonist buserelin to synchronize ovulation in weaned sows, which occurs more frequently in summer–autumn weaning.

scholarly journals Ovarian Follicle Growth during Lactation Determines the Reproductive Performance of Weaned Sows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania P. Lopes ◽  
Lorena Padilla ◽  
Alfonso Bolarin ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Jordi Roca
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Follicular Size ◽  
Follicle Size

Factors causing variability in ovarian follicle size among weaned sows are not well known. This field study aimed to disclose influencing factors and evaluate if the differences at weaning were established during lactation. Ovaries were scanned using transrectal ultrasound. The first experiment was conducted over a year with 191 randomly chosen sows that were hierarchically grouped (p < 0.001) according to ovarian follicle diameter reached at weaning: Small (0.20–0.30 cm; n = 37), medium (0.31–0.39 cm; n = 75), and large (0.40-1.00 cm; n = 69). Sows with small follicles showed a higher incidence of post-weaning anestrus (p < 0.01), longer wean-to-estrus/ovulation intervals (p < 0.01) and farrowing smaller litters (p < 0.05). Ovaries with small follicles were more common among sows weaned in summer–autumn than in winter–spring (p < 0.01) and among sows of lower parity (1–3) (p < 0.05). In the second experiment, with 40 sows randomly chosen at farrowing, the ovaries were scanned at 7, 14, and 21 d post-partum. Sows showed great variability in ovarian follicular size during lactation with a consistent relationship between the three measurement times (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). Follicle size was smaller in sows nursing in summer–autumn than in winter–spring (p < 0.05). In conclusion, early lactation dictates the great variability in ovarian follicular diameter at weaning shown by sows. Sows with smaller follicles at weaning had longer intervals for estrus and ovulation and smaller litters at farrowing and they were in greater numbers among sows weaned during the summer and fall and among those with fewer previous farrowing.

scholarly journals 299 Treatment with prostaglandin F2α and an intravaginal progesterone insert in advance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone enhances response to estrus synchronization in mature beef cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
Rachael C Bonacker ◽  
Katy S Stoecklein ◽  
Jaclyn N Ketchum ◽  
Emma R Knickmeyer ◽  
James William C Locke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Representative Subset ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Follicle Size

Abstract An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of treatments in advance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100μg gonadorelin) administered at the start of estrus synchronization. We hypothesized that administration of prostaglandin F2α (PG; 500μg cloprostenol) followed by treatment with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR; 1.38g progesterone) would result in increased follicle size at GnRH, thereby enhancing response to GnRH and overall response to estrus synchronization. Postpartum suckled beef cows (n = 183) in two locations were assigned to one of five treatments based on age, days postpartum, and body condition score. Treatments (Figure 1) were designed as a two-by-two factorial with a control (Treatment 1). Treatments 2–5 received a CIDR insert from Day -17 to Day -10, with (Treatments 2 and 3) or without (Treatments 4 and 5) administration of PG coincident with CIDR insertion on Day -17. Coincident with GnRH administration on Day -10, CIDR inserts were either removed (Treatments 2 and 4) or remained in place until Day -3 (Treatments 3 and 5). On Day -3, estrus detection aids were applied and a representative subset of cows in each treatment were fitted with estrus detection transmitters. Blood samples were collected on Days -27, -17, -10, -3, and 0 for determination of serum estradiol and/or progesterone concentrations via radioimmunoassay. For a representative subset of cows (n = 111), transrectal ovarian ultrasound was performed to assess ovarian follicle size and presence of corpora lutea on Days -17, -10, -3, and 0. Treatment with PG and CIDR in advance of GnRH resulted in improvements (P &lt; 0.05) in several response variables, including follicle size on Day -17 and estrous response prior to AI. Results support the hypothesis that administration of PG and treatment with a CIDR for 7 d prior to GnRH improves likelihood of GnRH response and enhances response of mature cows to estrus synchronization.

scholarly journals The effect of ovarian follicle size on the formation of good quality blastocysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. e318
Author(s):  
B.S. Shapiro ◽  
A. Raman ◽  
F.C. Garner ◽  
M.C. Aguirre ◽  
C. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Size
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