scholarly journals Mastering extreme size constraints in the clathrate‐I borosilicide Cs 8 B 8 Si 38

2021 ◽  
Vol 647 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Julia‐Maria Hübner ◽  
Walter Jung ◽  
Primož Koželj ◽  
Matej Bobnar ◽  
Raul Cardoso‐Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Constraints

Program GROUP: The Identification of All Possible Solutions to a Constituency-Delimitation Problem

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Rossiter ◽  
R J Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Voter Opinion

A computer program is designed to produce all of the electoral constituencies for an English local authority, within the constraints imposed on the Parliamentary Boundary Commissioners. This builds on the seminal work of Gudgin and Taylor, and introduces size constraints, evaluates shape, and evaluates the electoral consequences of swings in voter opinion.

scholarly journals Ungeneralizable minimality in Ndebele

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-58
Author(s):  
Laura J. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Minimality Condition ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Stress Assignment ◽  
Prosodic Morphology ◽  
Striking Finding ◽  
Maximal Size ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Morphological Processes

A body of work in Prosodic Morphology clearly establishes the importance of prosodic constituents like the foot as templates conditioning morpheme size. A striking finding of this research is that morphological footing is independent of metrical footing in many languages, as the footing required for particular morphological processes is often not identical to that required for phonological processes like stress assignment. However, recent OT research on Prosodic Morphology has made the opposite claim. Within this theory, the Generalized Template Hypothesis (GTH) proposes that no morpheme-particular templates defining minimal and maximal size are necessary. Instead, templates are always derivable from general principles of the grammar, like independently motivated metrical footing. This paper presents evidence from Ndebele showing that the GTH is too strong. In Ndebele, several different verb forms are subject to a minimality condition. In some cases, the minimality condition can be derived through independent metrical footing, as the GTH predicts. However, in several cases it cannot, showing that morpheme-particular size constraints are still a necessary part of the grammar.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of an Aluminum Foam Sandwich Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Alaa Al-Fatlawi ◽  
Károly Jármai ◽  
György Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Face Sheet ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Theoretical And Numerical Analysis ◽  
Composite Face

The aim of the research was to develop a new lightweight sandwich structure, which can be used for elements of air containers. The structure consists of aluminum foam core with fiber reinforced composite face-sheets. Nine different laminated glass or/and carbon fiber reinforced plastic face-sheet combinations were investigated. Finite element analysis of the sandwich structures was introduced. Single-objective optimization of the new sandwich structure was achieved for minimal weight. Five design constraints were considered: stiffness of the structure, face-sheet failure, core shear, face-sheet wrinkling, size constraints for design variables. The elaborated composite structure results significant weight savings due to low density.

Process integration under size constraints: Logistical fuels for mobile applications

2007 ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Wilder ◽  
Rose M. Hanks ◽  
Kristin H. McGlocklin ◽  
Norman E.Sammons ◽  
Mario R. Eden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Size Constraints

scholarly journals Reconciling print-size and display-size constraints on reading

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (48) ◽  
pp. 30276-30284
Author(s):  
Nilsu Atilgan ◽  
Ying-Zi Xiong ◽  
Gordon E. Legge
Keyword(s):  
Display Size ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Dual Constraints ◽  
Digital Formats ◽  
Print Size

Two fundamental constraints limit the number of characters in text that can be displayed at one time—print size and display size. These dual constraints conflict in two important situations—when people with normal vision read text on small digital displays, and when people with low vision read magnified text. Here, we describe a unified framework for evaluating the joint impact of these constraints on reading performance. We measured reading speed as a function of print size for three digital formats (laptop, tablet, and cellphone) for 30 normally sighted and 10 low-vision participants. Our results showed that a minimum number of characters per line is required to achieve a criterion of 80% of maximum reading speed: 13 characters for normally sighted and eight characters for low-vision readers. This critical number of characters is nearly constant across font and display format. Possible reasons for this required number of characters are discussed. Combining these character count constraints with the requirements for adequate print size reveals that an individual’s use of a small digital display or the need for magnified print can shrink or entirely eliminate the range of print size necessary for achieving maximum reading speed.

Competitive Interactions Between Bryozoans and Other Organisms

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Larval Recruitment ◽  
Mechanical Constraints ◽  
Size Constraints ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors ◽  
Encrusting Organisms

A fundamental morphological and ecological division among sessile colonial invertebrates and sponges is that between encrusting and erect growth habits. The distributions of such organisms results both from their patterns of larval recruitment onto the substratum and their subsequent growth and interactions (Buss 1979b; Jackson 1979a). Sessile encrusting organisms [runners, sheets, and mounds of Jackson (1979a)] grow primarily out over the substratum. Such growth sets no special mechanical constraints for colony support and growth is potentially infinite, although limited by extrinsic factors such as the extent of the substratum, interactions with other organisms, or physical environmental factors. The alternative pattern is one of growth primarily up or away from the substratum surface [plates, vines, and trees of Jackson (1979a)]. This may set overall size constraints relative to mechanical support and attachment (Cheetham 1971; Cheetham et al. 1981; Cheetham and Thomsen 1981; Schopf et al. 1980), often with approximately determinate growth as for solitary animals (Jackson 1977a, 1979a).

Pore‐size constraints on the activity and survival of subsurface bacteria in a late cretaceous shale‐sandstone sequence, northwestern New Mexico

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Fredrickson ◽  
J. P. McKinley ◽  
B. N. Bjornstad ◽  
P. E. Long ◽  
D. B. Ringelberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Size Constraints
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