Microphase Separation with Small Amphiphilic Molecules: Crystal Structure of Preservatives Sodium Benzoate (E 211) and Potassium Benzoate (E 212)

2013 ◽  
Vol 639 (15) ◽  
pp. 2816-2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Butterhof ◽  
Thomas Martin ◽  
Wolfgang Milius ◽  
Josef Breu
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Amphiphilic Molecules ◽  
Potassium Benzoate

Microphase separation upon crystallization of small amphiphilic molecules: ‘low’ temperature form II of sodium benzoate (E 211)

CrystEngComm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (31) ◽  
pp. 5811-5817 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Martin ◽  
T. E. Gorelik ◽  
D. Greim ◽  
C. Butterhof ◽  
U. Kolb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
Amphiphilic Molecules ◽  
Temperature Form

Activity coefficients of sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate in water at 298.15 K

2003 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
António J.G. de Mendonça ◽  
Cristina M.P. Cardoso ◽  
Pekka M. Juusola
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Potassium Benzoate

Phase Diagrams for the Sodium and Potassium Benzoate – Water Systems

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (18) ◽  
pp. 3281-3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Colin W. Clarke ◽  
David N. Glew
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Potassium Benzoate ◽  
Low Temperature Phase ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The low temperature phase diagrams have been determined for the potassium benzoate – water and the sodium benzoate – water systems. The ice eutectics with these anhydrous alkali benzoates were found at −11.8 °C with 34.89% potassium benzoate and at −14.5 °C with 39.7% sodium benzoate. Previously reported hydrates of potassium benzoate (3) were not observed. Concentrated sodium benzoate solutions below 0 °C were found to attain equilibrium with sodium benzoate only with the greatest difficulty.

Crystal structure of self-aggregates of insoluble aliphatic amphiphilic molecules at the air-water interface. An x-ray synchrotron study

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (20) ◽  
pp. 7684-7691 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jacquemain ◽  
F. Leveiller ◽  
S. P. Weinbach ◽  
M. Lahav ◽  
L. Leiserowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amphiphilic Molecules ◽  
Air Water Interface

The evaluation of the genotoxicity of two food preservatives: Sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zengin ◽  
D. Yüzbaşıoğlu ◽  
F. Ünal ◽  
S. Yılmaz ◽  
H. Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Potassium Benzoate

Crystal Structure Determination of Glycerol-Containing Lipids from Electron Diffraction Data. Use of Analog Compounds Based upon Configurational Isomers of Cyclopentane-1, 2, 3-TRIOL

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Dorset ◽  
Anthony J. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Crystal Structure Determination ◽  
Electron Diffraction Data ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Axis Orientation

Lipids containing long polymethylene chains were among the first compounds subjected to electron diffraction structure analysis. It was only recently realized, however, that various distortions of thin lipid microcrystal plates, e.g. bends, polar group and methyl end plane disorders, etc. (1-3), restrict coherent scattering to the methylene subcell alone, particularly if undistorted molecular layers have well-defined end planes. Thus, ab initio crystal structure determination on a given single uncharacterized natural lipid using electron diffraction data can only hope to identify the subcell packing and the chain axis orientation with respect to the crystal surface. In lipids based on glycerol, for example, conformations of long chains and polar groups about the C-C bonds of this moiety still would remain unknown.One possible means of surmounting this difficulty is to investigate structural analogs of the material of interest in conjunction with the natural compound itself. Suitable analogs to the glycerol lipids are compounds based on the three configurational isomers of cyclopentane-1,2,3-triol shown in Fig. 1, in which three rotameric forms of the natural glycerol derivatives are fixed by the ring structure (4-7).

Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
George G. Cocks ◽  
Louis Leibovitz ◽  
DoSuk D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

Transmission Electron Microscopy studies of the vacancy ordering in YSI2-X thin films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
F.-R. Chen ◽  
T. L. Lee ◽  
L. J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vacancy Ordering

YSi2-x thin films were grown by depositing the yttrium metal thin films on (111)Si substrate followed by a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 450 to 1100°C. The x value of the YSi2-x films ranges from 0 to 0.3. The (0001) plane of the YSi2-x films have an ideal zero lattice mismatch relative to (111)Si surface lattice. The YSi2 has the hexagonal AlB2 crystal structure. The orientation relationship with Si was determined from the diffraction pattern shown in figure 1(a) to be and . The diffraction pattern in figure 1(a) was taken from a specimen annealed at 500°C for 15 second. As the annealing temperature was increased to 600°C, superlattice diffraction spots appear at position as seen in figure 1(b) which may be due to vacancy ordering in the YSi2-x films. The ordered vacancies in YSi2-x form a mesh in Si plane suggested by a LEED experiment.

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