β -1,6-glucan synthesis-associated genes are required for proper spore wall formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 431-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Ping Pan ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Hiroyuki Tachikawa ◽  
Hideki Nakanishi ◽  
Xiao-Dong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

scholarly journals Role of Ndt80, Sum1, and Swe1 as Targets of the Meiotic Recombination Checkpoint That Control Exit from Pachytene and Spore Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 6430-6440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Pak ◽  
Jacqueline Segall
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis ◽  
Recombination Checkpoint

ABSTRACT The meiotic recombination checkpoint, which is triggered by defects in recombination or chromosome synapsis, arrests sporulating cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at pachytene by preventing accumulation of active Clb-Cdc28. We compared the effects of manipulating the three known targets of the meiotic recombination checkpoint, NDT80, SWE1, and SUM1, in dmc1-arrested cells. Ndt80 is an activator of a set of middle sporulation-specific genes (MSGs), which includes CLB genes and genes involved in spore wall formation; Swe1 inhibits Clb-Cdc28 activity; and Sum1 is a repressor of NDT80 and some MSGs. Activation of the checkpoint leads to inhibition of Ndt80 activity and to stabilization of Swe1 and Sum1. Thus, dmc1-arrested cells fail to express MSGs, arrest at pachytene, and do not form spores. Our study shows that dmc1/dmc1 sum1/sum1 cells expressed MSGs prematurely and at high levels, entered the meiotic divisions efficiently, and in some cases formed asci containing mature spores. In contrast, dmc1/dmc1 swe1/swe1 cells expressed MSGs at a very low level, were inefficient and delayed in entry into the meiotic divisions, and never formed mature spores. We found that cells of dmc1/dmc1 sum1/sum1 ndt80/ndt80 and dmc1/dmc1 swe1/swe1 ndt80/ndt80 strains arrested at pachytene and that dmc1/dmc1 or dmc1/dmc1 swe1/swe1 cells overexpressing NDT80 were less efficient in bypassing checkpoint-mediated arrest than dmc1/dmc1 sum1/sum1 cells. Our results are consistent with previous suggestions that increased Clb-Cdc28 activity, caused by mutation of SWE1 or by an NDT80-dependent increase in CLB expression, allows dmc1/dmc1 cells to exit pachytene and that subsequent upregulation of Ndt80 activity by a feedback mechanism promotes entry into the meiotic divisions. Spore morphogenesis, however, requires efficient and timely activation of MSGs, which we speculate was achieved in dmc1/dmc1 sum1/sum1 cells by premature expression of NDT80.

scholarly journals Long-Chain Polyprenols Promote Spore Wall Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. genetics.300322.2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Hoffman ◽  
Kariona Grabińska ◽  
Ziqiang Guan ◽  
William C. Sessa ◽  
Aaron M. Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Long Chain

Ady3p Links Spindle Pole Body Function to Spore Wall Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1450
Author(s):  
Mark E Nickas ◽  
Aaron M Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Spindle Pole Body ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Pole Body ◽  
Prospore Membrane ◽  
Sporulation Efficiency ◽  
Spore Walls

Abstract Spore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the de novo synthesis of prospore membranes and spore walls. Ady3p has been identified as an interaction partner for Mpc70p/Spo21p, a meiosis-specific component of the outer plaque of the spindle pole body (SPB) that is required for prospore membrane formation, and for Don1p, which forms a ring-like structure at the leading edge of the prospore membrane during meiosis II. ADY3 expression has been shown to be induced in midsporulation. We report here that Ady3p interacts with additional components of the outer and central plaques of the SPB in the two-hybrid assay. Cells that lack ADY3 display a decrease in sporulation efficiency, and most ady3Δ/ady3Δ asci that do form contain fewer than four spores. The sporulation defect in ady3Δ/ady3Δ cells is due to a failure to synthesize spore wall polymers. Ady3p forms ring-like structures around meiosis II spindles that colocalize with those formed by Don1p, and Don1p rings are absent during meiosis II in ady3Δ/ady3Δ cells. In mpc70Δ/mpc70Δ cells, Ady3p remains associated with SPBs during meiosis II. Our results suggest that Ady3p mediates assembly of the Don1p-containing structure at the leading edge of the prospore membrane via interaction with components of the SPB and that this structure is involved in spore wall formation.

scholarly journals Genomic Approach to Identification of Mutations Affecting Caspofungin Susceptibility in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3871-3876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarit Markovich ◽  
Aya Yekutiel ◽  
Itamar Shalit ◽  
Yona Shadkchan ◽  
Nir Osherov
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

ABSTRACT The antifungal agent caspofungin (CAS) specifically interferes with glucan synthesis and cell wall formation. To further study the cellular processes affected by CAS, we analyzed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant collection (4,787 individual knockout mutations) to identify new genes affecting susceptibility to the drug. This collection was screened for increased CAS sensitivity (CAS-IS) or increased CAS resistance (CAS-IR). MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. Disruption of 20 genes led to CAS-IS (four- to eightfold reductions in the MIC). Eleven of the 20 genes are involved in cell wall and membrane function, notably in the protein kinase C (PKC) integrity pathway (MID2, FKS1, SMI1, and BCK1), chitin and mannan biosynthesis (CHS3, CHS4, CHS7, and MNN10), and ergosterol biosynthesis (ERG5 and ERG6). Four of the 20 genes (TPO1, VPS65, VPS25, and CHC1) are involved in vacuole and transport functions, 3 of the 20 genes (CCR4, POP2, and NPL3) are involved in the control of transcription, and 2 of the 20 genes are of unknown function. Disruption of nine additional genes led to CAS-IR (a fourfold increase of MIC). Five of these nine genes (SLG1, ERG3, VRP1, CSG2, and CKA2) are involved in cell wall function and signal transduction, and two of the nine genes (VPS67 and SAC2) are involved in vacuole function. To assess the specificity of susceptibility to CAS, the MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, and calcofluor for the strains were tested. Seven of 20 CAS-IS strains (with disruption of FKS1, SMI1, BCK1, CHS4, ERG5, TPO1, and ILM1) and 1 of 9 CAS-IR strains (with disruption of SLG1) demonstrated selective susceptibility to CAS. To further explore the importance of PKC in CAS susceptibility, the activity of the PKC inhibitor staurosporine in combination with CAS was tested against eight Aspergillus clinical isolates by the microdilution assay. Synergistic or synergistic-to-additive activities were found against all eight isolates by use of both MIC and minimum effective concentration endpoints.

scholarly journals Growth and Differentiation of the Golgi Apparatus in the Red Alga, Callithamnion Roseum

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-655
Author(s):  
EVA KONRAD HAWKINS
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Golgi Vesicles

The fine structure of the Golgi apparatus during development of tetrasporangia of Calli-thamnion roseum is described. Dictyosomes and associated vesicles of 4 developmental stages of sporangia are examined. The wall of sporangia exhibits a heretofore unseen cuticle in red algae. Development of the spore wall and a new plasma membrane around spores occurs through fusion of adjacent Golgi vesicles along the periphery of cells. Observations are discussed in relation to wall formation and expansion of tetrads and in comparison with other work on growth and differentiation of the Golgi apparatus.

Bph1p, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Homologue of CHS1/Beige, Functions in Cell Wall Formation and Protein Sorting

Traffic ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 700-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly L. Shiflett ◽  
Michael B Vaughn ◽  
Dinh Huynh ◽  
Jerry Kaplan ◽  
Diane McVey Ward
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Sorting ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation

scholarly journals SMK1, a developmentally regulated MAP kinase, is required for spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 2151-2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Krisak ◽  
R Strich ◽  
R S Winters ◽  
J P Hall ◽  
M J Mallory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Wall Assembly
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