Fungal cell wall biosynthesis: a view on biodiversity in fungi and application of ‘-omics’

Yeast ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Strahl ◽  
Jürgen J. Heinisch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Fungal Cell

scholarly journals Length Specificity and Polymerization Mechanism of (1,3)-β-d-Glucan Synthase in Fungal Cell Wall Biosynthesis

Biochemistry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chhetri ◽  
Anna Loksztejn ◽  
Hai Nguyen ◽  
Kaila M. Pianalto ◽  
Mi Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Glucan Synthase ◽  
Polymerization Mechanism

scholarly journals Protein Kinase A and High-Osmolarity Glycerol Response Pathways Cooperatively Control Cell Wall Carbohydrate Mobilization inAspergillus fumigatus

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro José de Assis ◽  
Adriana Manfiolli ◽  
Eliciane Mattos ◽  
João H. T. Marilhano Fabri ◽  
Iran Malavazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Osmolarity ◽  
High Osmolarity Glycerol ◽  
Kinase A

ABSTRACTAspergillus fumigatusmitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in maintaining the normal morphology of the cell wall and providing resistance against cell wall-damaging agents. Upon cell wall stress, cell wall-related sugars need to be synthesized from carbohydrate storage compounds. Here we show that this process is dependent on cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activity and regulated by the high-osmolarity glycerol response (HOG) MAPKs SakA and MpkC. These protein kinases are necessary for normal accumulation/degradation of trehalose and glycogen, and the lack of these genes reduces glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Alterations in glycogen synthesis were observed for thesakAandmpkCdeletion mutants, which also displayed alterations in carbohydrate exposure on the cell wall. Carbohydrate mobilization is controlled by SakA interaction with PkaC1 and PkaR, suggesting a putative mechanism where the PkaR regulatory subunit leaves the complex and releases the SakA-PkaC1 complex for activation of enzymes involved in carbohydrate mobilization. This work reveals the communication between the HOG and PKA pathways for carbohydrate mobilization for cell wall construction.IMPORTANCEAspergillus fumigatusis an opportunistic human pathogen causing allergic reactions or systemic infections such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, especially in immunocompromised patients. The fungal cell wall is the main component responsible for recognition by the immune system, due to the specific composition of polysaccharide carbohydrates exposed on the surface of the fungal cell wall called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Key enzymes in the fungal cell wall biosynthesis are a good target for fungal drug development. This report elucidates the cooperation between the HOG and PKA pathways in the mobilization of carbohydrates for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. We suggest that the reduced mobilization of simple sugars causes defects in the structure of the fungal cell wall. In summary, we propose that SakA is important for PKA activity, therefore regulating the availability and mobilization of monosaccharides for fungal cell wall biosynthesis during cell wall damage and the osmotic stress response.

scholarly journals A Novel Screening Method for Cell Wall Mutants in Aspergillus niger Identifies UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase as an Important Protein in Fungal Cell Wall Biosynthesis

Genetics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbert A. Damveld ◽  
Angelique Franken ◽  
Mark Arentshorst ◽  
Peter J. Punt ◽  
Frans M. Klis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Important Protein

The structure of neopeptins, inhibitors of fungal cell wall biosynthesis

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Ubukata ◽  
Masakazu Uramoto ◽  
Kiyoshi Isono
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Fungal Cell

ChemInform Abstract: Novel Nikkomycin Analogues: Inhibitors of the Fungal Cell Wall Biosynthesis Enzyme Chitin Synthase.

ChemInform ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (41) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Kikoh Obi ◽  
Jun-ichiro Uda ◽  
Kazuhiko Iwase ◽  
Osamu Sugimoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Ebisu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Chitin Synthase ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Fungal Cell

scholarly journals A Ssd1 homolog impacts trehalose and chitin biosynthesis and contributes to virulence inAspergillus fumigatus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arsa Thammahong ◽  
Sourabh Dhingra ◽  
Katherine M. Bultman ◽  
Joshua Kerkaert ◽  
Robert A. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Filamentous Fungus ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Over Expression

AbstractRegulation of fungal cell wall biosynthesis is critical to maintain cell wall integrity in the face of dynamic fungal infection microenvironments. In this study, we observe that a yeastssd1homolog,ssdA,in the filamentous fungusAspergillus fumigatusis involved in trehalose and cell wall homeostasis. AnssdAnull mutant strain exhibited an increase in trehalose levels and a reduction in colony growth rate. Over-expression ofssdAin contrast perturbed trehalose biosynthesis and reduced conidia germination rates. ThessdAnull mutant strain was more resistant to cell wall perturbing agents while over-expression ofssdApromoted increased sensitivity. Over-expression ofssdAsignificantly increased chitin levels and both loss and over-expression ofssdAaltered sub-cellular localization of the class V chitin synthase CsmA. Strikingly, over-expression ofssdAabolished adherence to abiotic surfaces and severely attenuated the virulence ofA. fumigatusin a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. In contrast, despite the severein vitrofitness defects observed upon loss ofssdA,neither surface adherence or murine survival was impacted. In conclusion,A. fumigatusSsdA plays a critical role in cell wall homeostasis that alters fungal-host interactions.ImportanceLife threatening infections caused by the filamentous fungusAspergillus fumigatusare increasing along with a rise in fungal strains resistant to contemporary antifungal therapies. The fungal cell wall and the associated carbohydrates required for its synthesis and maintenance are attractive drug targets given that many genes encoding proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis and integrity are absent in humans. Importantly, genes and associated cell wall biosynthesis and homeostasis regulatory pathways remain to be fully defined inA. fumigatus.In this study, we identify SsdA, a model yeast Ssd1p homolog, as an important component of trehalose and fungal cell wall biosynthesis inA. fumigatusthat consequently impacts fungal virulence in animal models of infection.

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