Unveiling the original layers and color palette of 18th century overpainted Transylvanian icons by combined X‐ray radiography, hyperspectral imaging, and spectroscopic spot analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Maria Cortea ◽  
Lucian Ratoiu ◽  
Alexandru Chelmuș ◽  
Theo Mureșan
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
Spot Analysis

scholarly journals A novel confocal XRF-Raman spectrometer and FPM model for analysis of solid objects and liquid substances

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1652-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Szalóki ◽  
T. Pintér ◽  
I. Szalóki ◽  
G. Radócz ◽  
A. Gerényi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Spectrometer ◽  
Analytical Applications ◽  
Solid Objects ◽  
Spot Analysis

A new table-top combined spectrometer was designed and constructed consisting of X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectrometers for spot-analysis of elementary and chemical composition of solid and liquid substances for industrial analytical applications.

scholarly journals Ancient Greek text concealed on the back of unrolled papyrus revealed through shortwave-infrared hyperspectral imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. eaav8936 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tournié ◽  
K. Fleischer ◽  
I. Bukreeva ◽  
F. Palermo ◽  
M. Perino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Text Reconstruction ◽  
Shortwave Infrared ◽  
The Way

Only a few Herculaneum rolls exhibit writing on their reverse side. Since unrolled papyri are permanently glued to paperboard, so far, this fact was known to us only from 18th-century drawings. The application of shortwave-infrared (SWIR; 1000-2500 nm) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to one of them (PHerc. 1691/1021) has revealed portions of Greek text hidden on the back more than 220 years after their first discovery, making it possible to recover this primary source for the ongoing new edition of this precious book. SWIR HSI has produced better contrast and legibility even on the extensive text preserved on the front compared to former imaging of Herculaneum papyri at 950 nm (improperly called multispectral imaging), with a substantial impact on the text reconstruction. These promising results confirm the importance of advanced techniques applied to ancient carbonized papyri and open the way to a better investigation of hundreds of other such papyri.

scholarly journals Paper Foxing Stains on a Historic Manuscript from the Early Qajar Era: Abiotic or Biotic Foxing?

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1366-1374
Author(s):  
Alireza Koochakzaei ◽  
Samane Alizadeh Gharetapeh
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Cellulose Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Fluorescence ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Peak Deconvolution ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
Qajar Period

The aim of this study was to identify the nature and cause of foxing spots in a historical manuscript. This manuscript was a Holy Quran from the beginning of the Qajar period and the end of the 18th century. Samples were incubated for 14 days and were evaluated for the presence of fungal activity. UV fluorescence photography, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were also used to investigate the characteristics and causes of foxing spots. The results showed that there was no fungal activity in the foxing spots of this manuscript. Based on the morphology of the stain in UV fluorescence photography, these foxing stains are of the Bullseye type, usually associated with metal ions. µXRF spectroscopy also showed a high accumulation of iron and copper at the site of these spots. This indicates abiotic foxing in this manuscript. Based on FTIR spectroscopy and peak deconvolution and fitting by Gaussian function, abiotic foxing increases the cellulose oxidation rate. Intensification of cellulose oxidation in foxing stains can be considered as one of the reasons for paper discoloration.

High spatial resolution and non-destructive evaluation of wood density and microfibril angle by NIR hyperspectral imaging

NIR news ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te Ma ◽  
Tetsuya Inagaki ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Non Destructive

Wood density and microfibril angle are strongly correlated with wood stiffness, shrinkage, and anisotropy. Understanding the spatial distribution of these values is critical for solid timber applications. In this study, near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging was used to evaluate wood density and microfibril angle in a non-destructive, yet effective manner. Briefly, five wood samples collected from both normal and compression parts of two different Cryptomeria japonica trees were analyzed. Partial least squares regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between X-ray reference data and NIR spectra, and cross-validation (leave-one-out) was used for checking prediction performances. The validation coefficient of determination (r2) between predicted densities by the NIR technique and measured values by SilviScan (X-ray data) was 0.83 with a root mean squared error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 105.18 kg/m3. Regarding microfibril angle, r2 and RMSECV were 0.77 and 5.36°, respectively. Finally, wood density and microfibril angle were successfully mapped at a high spatial resolution (156 µm) to facilitate the detection of annual growth ring features and evaluation of aspects of heterogeneous wood quality.

Quantitative evaluation of ante-mortem lead in human remains of the 18th century by triaxial geometry and bench top micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2488-2495 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Dias ◽  
M. Carvalho ◽  
M. L. Carvalho ◽  
S. Pessanha
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Distribution

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the suitability of the commercial benchtop micro X-ray fluorescence system M4 Tornado, to evaluate the differences in lead distribution in different bone and tooth structures due to ante-mortem contamination.

Which elements are useful for understanding the composition of ancient papyrus inks?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (S2) ◽  
pp. S90-S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Gore ◽  
M. Choat ◽  
D. E. Jacob ◽  
G. Gloy
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Compositions ◽  
Additional Work ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
Spot Analysis

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used in mapping and spot analysis modes, to help identify which elements are useful for understanding the composition of ancient papyrus inks, for 25 papyri from four age groups. We report seven elements (Al, Si, P, S, Ca, Ti, Fe) which provide sufficient contrast to be useful for mapping analysis, and 16 elements (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Nb, Ag, Ba, and Pb) which show significant differences through time. Only one element – Pb – showed sufficient contrast in the thin ink layer to be significantly different when measured on the ink and adjacent papyrus. There is greater complexity in the elemental compositions of the papyrus and ink than can be understood with a study this size and additional work is required to develop and explain the patterns observed here.

scholarly journals Examination of historical paintings by state-of-the-art hyperspectral imaging methods: from scanning infra-red spectroscopy to computed X-ray laminography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Legrand ◽  
Frederik Vanmeert ◽  
Geert Van der Snickt ◽  
Matthias Alfeld ◽  
Wout De Nolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red

scholarly journals Multianalytical Study for Establishing the Historical Contexts of the Church of the Holy Archangels from Cicau, Alba County, Romania, for its Promotion as a World Heritage Good I. Assessing the preservation-restoration works from the 18th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2538-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Sandu ◽  
Cosmin Tudor Iurcovschi ◽  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽  
Viorica Vasilache ◽  
Ioan Cristinel Negru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
X Ray ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

The present paper is the first instalment of a series focused on establishing some archaeometric characteristics of the modern finishings (mortars, fresco and layers of whitewash) of the Church of the Holy Archangels from Cic�u, Alba County, Romania, in order to assess the shape, with the structural-functional integrity and architectural and artistic aspect of the monument for the last historical context, between 1710 and 1790. This period is the most extensive and less known of the church�s stages of transformation: 11th�12th century (unknown), 15th century (known) and 18th century (partially known), which was very tumultuous from the socio-economic and political point of view. Thus, in the following pages we present the resulting archaeometric characteristics of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopes in combination with energy-dispersive X-Ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and thermal derivatography (TG/DTA/DTG) analyses of two pigments from the exonarthex fresco (made in 1781) and the later eight layers of whitewash applied over it, which allowed assessing the periods with marked changes in the architecture and polychrome finishings.

X-Ray Tube Improvements for Better Performance in an Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer System

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Vane ◽  
Brian Skillicorn
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Spot ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Spectrometer System ◽  
Spot Analysis

AbstractImprovements in x-ray tube technology for the low-power tubes used in energy-dispersive XRF systems can provide better performance. These improvements are occurring in six areas: thin-window tubes, lower kV capability, higher kV and mA capability, pulsed tubes, smaller focal spots, and miniaturization. These improvements will lead to better excitation of the light elements, analysis of low-mass samples, higher count rates, small spot analysis, and smaller systems.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive On-Site Raman Study of Pigments and Glassy Matrix of 17th–18th Century Painted Enamelled Chinese Metal Wares: Comparison with French Enamelling Technology

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Colomban ◽  
Burcu Kırmızı ◽  
Bing Zhao ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Clais ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lead Arsenate ◽  
Raman Study ◽  
Selection Of

A selection of 10 Chinese enamelled metal wares dating from the 17th–18th centuries (Qing Dynasty) was analysed on-site by mobile Raman microspectroscopy. These wares display cloisonné and/or painted enamels and belong to the collections of Musée du Louvre in Paris and Musée Chinois at the Fontainebleau Castle in France. Pigments (Naples yellow lead pyrochlore, hematite, manganese oxide etc.), opacifiers (fluorite, lead arsenates) and corresponding lead-based glassy matrices were identified. One artefact was also analysed by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF) in order to confirm the Raman data. In some of these metal wares, it is suggested that cassiterite was unpredictably used as an opacifier in some parts of the decor. The results are compared to previous data obtained on Chinese cloisonné and Limoges enamels as well as recent data recorded on painted enamelled porcelains of the Qing Dynasty. Lead arsenate apatite detected in some of the 17th–18th century blue enamelled decors is related to the use of arsenic-rich European cobalt ores, as also characterized in French soft-paste porcelain and glass decors and high-quality Limoges enamels for the same period. However, lead arsenate could then also have been deliberately used for white opacification. The specific Raman signature displaying the shape of the Raman scattering background indicates the presence of colloidal gold (Au° nanoparticles) in red to violet enamelled and cloisonné areas. At least three types of Naples yellow lead pyrochlore pigments identified with Sb-rich, Sn-rich and mixed Sb–Sn–(Zn, Fe?) compositions prove the use of European pigments/recipes.

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