scholarly journals Physical dispersion and dilution of ballast water discharge in the St. Clair River: Implications for biological invasions

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 2395-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajun Sun ◽  
Mathew G. Wells ◽  
Sarah A. Bailey ◽  
Eric J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Discharge

scholarly journals Temporal modelling of ballast water discharge and ship-mediated invasion risk to Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 150039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Cope ◽  
Thomas A. A. Prowse ◽  
Joshua V. Ross ◽  
Talia A. Wittmann ◽  
Phillip Cassey
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Bulk Carrier ◽  
Invasion Risk ◽  
Marine Invasion ◽  
Temporal Modelling

Biological invasions have the potential to cause extensive ecological and economic damage. Maritime trade facilitates biological invasions by transferring species in ballast water, and on ships' hulls. With volumes of maritime trade increasing globally, efforts to prevent these biological invasions are of significant importance. Both the International Maritime Organization and the Australian government have developed policy seeking to reduce the risk of these invasions. In this study, we constructed models for the transfer of ballast water into Australian waters, based on historic ballast survey data. We used these models to hindcast ballast water discharge over all vessels that arrived in Australian waters between 1999 and 2012. We used models for propagule survival to compare the risk of ballast-mediated propagule transport between ecoregions. We found that total annual ballast discharge volume into Australia more than doubled over the study period, with the vast majority of ballast water discharge and propagule pressure associated with bulk carrier traffic. As such, the ecoregions suffering the greatest risk are those associated with the export of mining commodities. As global marine trade continues to increase, effective monitoring and biosecurity policy will remain necessary to combat the risk of future marine invasion events.

Ecosystem under pressure: Ballast water discharge into Galveston Bay, Texas (USA) from 2005 to 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Steichen ◽  
Rachel Windham ◽  
Robin Brinkmeyer ◽  
Antonietta Quigg
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Galveston Bay

scholarly journals A Spatial Modeling Approach to Predicting the Secondary Spread of Invasive Species Due to Ballast Water Discharge

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e114217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Sieracki ◽  
Jonathan M. Bossenbroek ◽  
W. Lindsay Chadderton
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Secondary Spread ◽  
Modeling Approach

Ballast Water Discharge and the Influence of Seawater Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 1161-1164
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Li ◽  
Sha Liu ◽  
Zhi Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Seawater Environment ◽  
Ballast Water Management

Ships have carried solid ballast for thousands of years in the form of rocks, sand or metal. In modern times, ships use water as ballast. It is more easier to load on and off a ship and more efficient and economical than solid ones. Ship fills with ballast water when it is empty of cargo, and the ballast water is discharged when it loads cargo. In ballast water ,there are hundreds of organisms carried that cause problematic ecological effects outside of their natural range. Preventing the transfer of invasive species and coordinating a timely and effective response to invasions require cooperation and collaboration between governments. Considerable efforts had already made to formulate appropriate standards for ballast water management during the convention development process. Overview

scholarly journals Proxy-based model to assess the relative contribution of ballast water and biofouling’s potential propagule pressure and prioritize vessel inspections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Ceballos-Osuna ◽  
Chris Scianni ◽  
Maurya Falkner ◽  
Raya Nedelcheva ◽  
Whitman Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Risk Profiling ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Wetted Surface Area

AbstractCommercial shipping is the primary pathway of introduction for aquatic nonindigenous species, mainly through the mechanisms of ballast water and biofouling. In response to this threat, regulatory programs have been established across the globe to regulate and monitor commercial merchant and passenger vessels to assess compliance with local requirements to reduce the likelihood of NIS introductions. Resource limitations often determine the inspection efforts applied by these regulatory agencies to reduce NIS introductions. We present a simple and adaptable model that prioritizes vessel arrivals for inspection using proxies for potential propagule pressure, namely a ships’ wetted surface area as a proxy for the likelihood of biofouling-mediated potential propagule pressure and ballast water discharge volume as a proxy for ballast water-mediated potential propagule pressure. We used a California-specific dataset of vessels that arrived at California ports between 2015 and 2018 to test the proposed model and demonstrate how a finite set of inspection resources can be applied to target vessels with the greatest potential propagule pressure. The proposed tool is adaptable by jurisdiction, scalable to different segments of the vessel population, adjustable based on the vector of interest, and versatile because it allows combined or separate analyses of the PPP components. The approach can be adopted in any jurisdiction across the globe, especially jurisdictions without access to, or authority to collect, risk profiling data or direct measurements for all incoming vessel arrivals.

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