scholarly journals Psychopathology in 7-year-old children with familial high risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum psychosis or bipolar disorder - The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA 7, a population-based cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditte Ellersgaard ◽  
Kerstin Jessica Plessen ◽  
Jens Richardt Jepsen ◽  
Katrine Soeborg Spang ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Familial High Risk

scholarly journals Social Cognition, Language, and Social Behavior in 7-Year-Old Children at Familial High-Risk of Developing Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7—A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Jerlang Christiani ◽  
Jens R M Jepsen ◽  
Anne Thorup ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
Ditte Ellersgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Familial High Risk

Abstract Objective To characterize social cognition, language, and social behavior as potentially shared vulnerability markers in children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) and bipolar disorder (FHR-BP). Methods The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study VIA7 is a multisite population-based cohort of 522 7-year-old children extracted from the Danish registries. The population-based controls were matched to the FHR-SZ children on age, sex, and municipality. The FHR-BP group followed same inclusion criteria. Data were collected blinded to familial high-risk status. Outcomes were social cognition, language, and social behavior. Results The analysis included 202 FHR-SZ children (girls: 46%), 120 FHR-BP children (girls: 46.7%), and 200 controls (girls: 46.5%). FHR-SZ children displayed significant deficits in language (receptive: d = −0.27, P = .006; pragmatic: d = −0.51, P < .001), social responsiveness (d = −0.54, P < .001), and adaptive social functioning (d = −0.47, P < .001) compared to controls after Bonferroni correction. Compared to FHR-BP children, FHR-SZ children performed significantly poorer on adaptive social functioning (d = −0.29, P = .007) after Bonferroni correction. FHR-BP and FHR-SZ children showed no significant social cognitive impairments compared to controls after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion Language, social responsiveness, and adaptive social functioning deficits seem associated with FHR-SZ but not FHR-BP in this developmental phase. The pattern of results suggests adaptive social functioning impairments may not be shared between FHR-BP and FHR-SZ in this developmental phase and thus not reflective of the shared risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Critical Predictors for the Early Detection of Conversion From Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder to Bipolar Disorder: Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Han Hu ◽  
Kuanchin Chen ◽  
I-Chiu Chang ◽  
Cheng-Che Shen
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Risk Stratification Model

BACKGROUND Unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder are two major mood disorders. The two disorders have different treatment strategies and prognoses. However, bipolar disorder may begin with depression and could be diagnosed as MDD in the initial stage, which may later contribute to treatment failure. Previous studies indicated that a high proportion of patients diagnosed with MDD will develop bipolar disorder over time. This kind of hidden bipolar disorder may contribute to the treatment resistance observed in patients with MDD. OBJECTIVE In this population-based study, our aim was to investigate the rate and risk factors of a diagnostic change from unipolar MDD to bipolar disorder during a 10-year follow-up. Furthermore, a risk stratification model was developed for MDD-to-bipolar disorder conversion. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients who were newly diagnosed with MDD between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004, by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. All patients with depression were observed until (1) diagnosis of bipolar disorder by a psychiatrist, (2) death, or (3) December 31, 2013. All patients with depression were divided into the following two groups, according to whether bipolar disorder was diagnosed during the follow-up period: converted group and nonconverted group. Six groups of variables within the first 6 months of enrollment, including personal characteristics, physical comorbidities, psychiatric comorbidities, health care usage behaviors, disorder severity, and psychotropic use, were extracted and were included in a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to generate a risk stratification model for MDD-to-bipolar disorder conversion. RESULTS Our study enrolled 2820 patients with MDD. During the follow-up period, 536 patients were diagnosed with bipolar disorder (conversion rate=19.0%). The CART method identified five variables (kinds of antipsychotics used within the first 6 months of enrollment, kinds of antidepressants used within the first 6 months of enrollment, total psychiatric outpatient visits, kinds of benzodiazepines used within one visit, and use of mood stabilizers) as significant predictors of the risk of bipolar disorder conversion. This risk CART was able to stratify patients into high-, medium-, and low-risk groups with regard to bipolar disorder conversion. In the high-risk group, 61.5%-100% of patients with depression eventually developed bipolar disorder. On the other hand, in the low-risk group, only 6.4%-14.3% of patients with depression developed bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS The CART method identified five variables as significant predictors of bipolar disorder conversion. In a simple two- to four-step process, these variables permit the identification of patients with low, intermediate, or high risk of bipolar disorder conversion. The developed model can be applied to routine clinical practice for the early diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

Visual attention in 7-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: The Danish high risk and resilience study VIA 7

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
Signe Vangkilde ◽  
Anne Thorup ◽  
Camilla Christiani ◽  
Ditte Ellersgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Familial High Risk
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