Convergence line in the English Channel

Weather ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Galvin
Keyword(s):  
English Channel ◽  
Convergence Line

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Wave—Current Interactions on Tidal Energy Resource at Sites in the English Channel Using Coupled Numerical Simulations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3625
Author(s):  
Jon Hardwick ◽  
Ed B. L. Mackay ◽  
Ian G. C. Ashton ◽  
Helen C. M. Smith ◽  
Philipp R. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Wave Model ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Radiation Stress ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Stress Gradients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flow Power

Numerical modeling of currents and waves is used throughout the marine energy industry for resource assessment. This study compared the output of numerical flow simulations run both as a standalone model and as a two-way coupled wave–current simulation. A regional coupled flow-wave model was established covering the English Channel using the Delft D-Flow 2D model coupled with a SWAN spectral wave model. Outputs were analyzed at three tidal energy sites: Alderney Race, Big Roussel (Guernsey), and PTEC (Isle of Wight). The difference in the power in the tidal flow between coupled and standalone model runs was strongly correlated to the relative direction of the waves and currents. The net difference between the coupled and standalone runs was less than 2.5%. However, when wave and current directions were aligned, the mean flow power was increased by up to 7%, whereas, when the directions were opposed, the mean flow power was reduced by as much as 9.6%. The D-Flow Flexible Mesh model incorporates the effects of waves into the flow calculations in three areas: Stokes drift, forcing by radiation stress gradients, and enhancement of the bed shear stress. Each of these mechanisms is discussed. Forcing from radiation stress gradients is shown to be the dominant mechanism affecting the flow conditions at the sites considered, primarily caused by dissipation of wave energy due to white-capping. Wave action is an important consideration at tidal energy sites. Although the net impact on the flow power was found to be small for the present sites, the effect is site specific and may be significant at sites with large wave exposure or strong asymmetry in the flow conditions and should thus be considered for detailed resource and engineering assessments.

Further Investigation upon the Water Movements in the English Channel. Drift-Bottle Experiments in the Summers of 1927, 1928 and 1929, with Critical Notes on Drift-Bottle Experiments in General.

1930 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
North Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Great Simplicity ◽  
Simple Surface

In July–August of three different years common surface-floating bottles were set adrift at International Station E2 (49° 27' N.—4° 42' W.). With them, various types of drag-fitted bottles were also put out. The journeys accomplished are discussed, and the striking differences as between year and year in the case of the common surface floaters, and as between the different types in the same year, are commented upon in the light of the prevailing winds. An inter-relationship of great simplicity is deduced between wind speed and the rate of travel of simple surface floating bottles up-Channel and across the North Sea from the results of experiments carried out in four different summers.

scholarly journals Population dynamics and metabolism of Aequipecten opercularis (L.) from the western English Channel (Roscoff, France)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Heilmayer ◽  
Thomas Brey ◽  
Daniela Storch ◽  
Andreas Mackensen ◽  
Wolf E. Arntz
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Aequipecten Opercularis

scholarly journals VI—On the Cause of the Depression and Re-Elevation of the Land During the Glacial Period

1882 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Period ◽  
English Channel ◽  
British Isles

In England the ice seems to have been heaviest in Wales and the N.W., and lightest on the East and S.E., where it appears to have thinned off altogether, and the evidence of depression corresponds with this. If we draw a line from Dover to Anglesea, we find proof of great submergence in Wales, decreasing to zero as we approach the English Channel. and Prof. Hughes of Cambridge, in a recent paper “On the Evidence of the Later Movements of Elevation and Depression in the British Isles,” read before the Victoria Institute, says: “As we trace these movements north to the borders of the mountains, we find evidence of greater sinking and greater elevation.”

Temperature, Salinity and Plankton in the Eastern North Atlantic and Coastal Waters of Britain, 1957.: I. The Characterisation and Distribution of Surface Waters

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. McK. Bary
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Oceanic Water ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Eastern North Atlantic

Monthly temperature-salinity diagrams for 1957 have demonstrated that three surface oceanic "water bodies" were consistently present in the eastern North Atlantic; two are regarded as modified North Atlantic Central water which give rise to the third by mixing. As well in the oceanic areas, large and small, high or low salinity patches of water were common. Effects of seasonal climatic fluctuations differed in the several oceanic water bodies. In coastal waters, differences in properties and in seasonal and annual cycles of the properties distinguish the waters from the North Sea, English Channel and the western entrance to the Channel.The geographic distributions of the oceanic waters are consistent with "northern" and "southern" water bodies mixing to form a "transitional" water. Within this distribution there are short-term changes in boundaries and long-term (seasonal) changes in size of the water bodies.Water in the western approaches to the English Channel appeared to be influenced chiefly by the mixed, oceanic transitional water; oceanic influences in the North Sea appear to have been from northern and transitional waters.

Secondary production of Calanus helgolandicus in the Western English Channel

2004 ◽  
Vol 313 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Rey-Rassat ◽  
Delphine Bonnet ◽  
Xabier Irigoien ◽  
Roger Harris ◽  
Robert Head ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Production ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Calanus Helgolandicus

Florenciella parvula gen. et sp. nov. (Dictyochophyceae, Heterokontophyta), a small flagellate isolated from the English Channel

Phycologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenche Eikrem ◽  
Khadidja Romari ◽  
Mikel Latasa ◽  
Florence Le Gall ◽  
Jahn Throndsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Channel
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