Titanic's mirage, part 1: The enigma of the Arctic High and a cold-water tongue of the Labrador Current

Weather ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Zinkova
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labrador Current

Pelagic Amphipoda of the Belle Isle Strait Region

1951 ◽  
Vol 8b (3) ◽  
pp. 134-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Bousfield
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Ocean Currents ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Index Species ◽  
Labrador Current ◽  
Themisto Libellula

The distribution of certain pelagic Amphipoda taken in the Belle Isle strait region during the summer of 1923 is correlated with ocean currents, light intensity and size of individuals. Hyperoche medusarum, Themisto libellula and Pseudalibrotus glacialis are index species of the cold Labrador current in the area. Hyperia galba and H. medusarum are presumably also cold water indicators. Themisto abyssorum in sizeable numbers, and Calliopius laeviusculus are related to waters of the gulf of St. Lawrence. Themisto libellula, T. compressa form compressa and T. compressa form bispinosa are more numerous, while T. abyssorum is less numerous at the surface during daylight than during darkness. Part of the breeding season of T. compressa and T. abyssorum occurs in the area during August and September, when the young of both species are much more numerous than the adults, particularly at the surface. A new southern limit of distribution for P. glacialis is established. The known distribution of the tropical genus Phronima is extended into the gulf of St. Lawrence.

Phytoplankton of cold-water lake ecosystems under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Sharov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Based on the study of the spatio-temporal aspects of the development of phytoplankton in the lakes of the North and North-West of the European territory of Russia (large lakes – Imandra, Onega and Chudsko-Pskovskoye and small lakes of the Arctic and Subarctic), the features of its structure and dynamics under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors (eutrophication, heavy metal pollution, acidification, thermification). The species composition and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton of large lakes of the North of Russia, small arctic lakes and lakes of subarctic regions are studied. It has been shown that diatoms predominate in arctic water bodies according to species diversity, and green and diatoms predominate in boreal ones. By biomass, diatoms dominate mainly in all cold-water lakes, with the exception of small arctic lakes, where golden algae lead. The features of the reorganization of phytoplankton in response to the action of anthropogenic factors are revealed. It is proved that in the northern water bodies the complex action of heavy metals and nutrients does not lead to inhibition of phytoplankton, and the effect of acidification in combination with heavy metals enhances the toxic effect of the latter. A feature of the response to acidification is an increase in the variability of the dynamics of the biomass of phytoplankton. It has been shown that in different types of lakes of East Antarctica under severe climate conditions under light and biogenic limitation, redistribution of autotrophic components in the formation of the biota of water bodies occurs: against the background of a decrease in the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton, the role of microphytobenthos and periphyton increases.

scholarly journals Calcium carbonate saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean: undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chierici ◽  
A. Fransson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Chukchi Peninsula ◽  
Bering Strait

Abstract. In the summer of 2005, we sampled surface water and measured pH and total alkalinity (AT) underway aboard IB Oden along the Northwest Passage from Cape Farewell (South Greenland) to the Chukchi Sea. We investigated the variability of carbonate system parameters, focusing particularly on carbonate concentration [CO32−] and calcium carbonate saturation states, as related to freshwater addition, biological processes and physical upwelling. Measurements on AT, pH at 15°C, salinity (S) and sea surface temperature (SST), were used to calculate total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT), [CO32−] and the saturation of aragonite (ΩAr) and calcite (ΩCa) in the surface water. The same parameters were measured in the water column of the Bering Strait. Some surface waters in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and on the Mackenzie shelf (MS) were found to be undersaturated with respect to aragonite (ΩAr<1). In these areas, surface water was low in AT and CT (<1500 μmol kg−1) relative to seawater and showed low [CO32−]. The low saturation states were probably due to the likely the effect of dilution due to freshwater addition by sea ice melt (CAA) and river runoff (MS). High AT and CT and low pH, corresponded with the lowest [CO32−], ΩAr and ΩCa, observed near Cape Bathurst and along the South Chukchi Peninsula. This was linked to the physical upwelling of subsurface water with elevated CO2. The highest surface ΩAr and ΩCa of 3.0 and 4.5, respectively, were found on the Chukchi Sea shelf and in the cold water north of Wrangel Island, which is heavily influenced by high CO2 drawdown and lower CT from intense biological production. In the western Bering Strait, the cold and saline Anadyr Current carries water that is enriched in AT and CT from enhanced organic matter remineralization, resulting in the lowest ΩAr (~1.2) of the area.

Pseudomonas sp. a Dominant Population of Bacteria in the Cold Water of Mount Sabalan Crater ‎Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ahangari ◽  
Haleh Forouhandeh ◽  
Tahereh Ebrahimi ◽  
Vida Ebrahimi ◽  
Soheila Montazersaheb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crater Lake ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Specific Culture

Background: Sabalan (Savalan) Lake is a stable crater lake locating at the summit of Sabalan, an inactive stratovolcano and the third highest mountain of Iran. Because of cold weather conditions, the lake is frozen in most months of the year. The biodiversity of microbial flora in this area needs to be explored to find its similarity with the arctic regions’ biodiversity. Objective: The psychrophilic bacterial population of Sabalan (Savalan) Crater Lake was identified. The current research is the first report of aquatic bacterial strains isolation and characterization from Sabalan Lake. Methods: Water sample collections were cultured on four different media, then colonies were isolated by the plating method. The phylogenetic features of the isolates were scrutinized and finally, the phenotypic characteristics were investigated using specific culture methods. Results: The results of morphological tests indicated that most isolates were Gram-negative and rod shape, which were able to grow between ˗4 and +37 ºC.‎ According to the phylogenetic analysis the isolated strains belong to Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Kocuria, and Micrococcus genera and about 60% of the isolates belong to the various species of Pseudomonas as a ‎dominant genus with abounded frequency. ‎In addition, several isolates showed 99% similarity with bacteria, which were previously isolated from Antarctic regions such as Pseudomonas antarctica and Micrococcus antarctica. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the microbial populations of cold areas is the same across the geographical distances. In addition, these bacterial strains could be a primitive source of new enzymes for technological applications such as biosurfactant production.

scholarly journals Diving in the Arctic: Cold Water Immersion’s Effects on Heart Rate Variability in Navy Divers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Lundell ◽  
Anne K. Räisänen-Sokolowski ◽  
Tomi K. Wuorimaa ◽  
Tommi Ojanen ◽  
Kai I. Parkkola
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Arctic

scholarly journals Late Miocene ostracods from the Fujikotogawa Formation, northern Japan – with reference to cold water species involved with trans-Arctic interchange

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Irizuki
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northern Atlantic ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Cold Water Species ◽  
Ostracod Species ◽  
Northern Japan

Abstract. Seventy-eight ostracod species belonging to 38 genera are recognized from the late Miocene Fujikotogawa Formation (c. 7–8 Ma), 40 km NE of Akita City, northern Japan. Some 30–40% of the ostracod species belong to the cold water groups (circumpolar and cryophilic species) reported from Plio-Pleistocene formations yielding the Omma-Manganji Fauna, the name given by Otuka (1939) to the Pliocene Japanese cold water molluscan fauna. This study demonstrates that most ostracod species distinguished in deposits yielding the Omma-Manganji Fauna had already appeared in the late Miocene. At least 13 of the ostracod species have been reported from both the Arctic and northern Atlantic Oceans, implying migration from the Pacific to the northern Atlantic through the Arctic after the Bering Strait had been breached. The 13 circumpolar, nine cryophilic and four endemic cold water species are illustrated, with brief taxonomic notes.

scholarly journals Freezing in the Sun

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Castellani ◽  
Gaëlle Veyssiere ◽  
Frank Kauker ◽  
Michael Karcher ◽  
Julienne Stroeve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ice Algae ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Special Environment ◽  
Small Bubbles

When the air is very cold, water at the surface of the ocean freezes, forming sea ice. Parts of the Arctic Ocean are covered by sea ice during the entire year. Often, snow falls onto the sea ice. Despite the cold, many plants and animals can live in the Arctic Ocean, some in the water, and some even in the sea ice. Particularly, algae can live in small bubbles in the sea ice. Like other plants, algae need energy to grow. This energy comes from food and sunlight. But how can the sunlight reach these little algae living inside the sea ice? From the sun, the light must pass through the atmosphere, the snow, and finally the sea ice itself. In this article, we describe how ice algae can live in this special environment and we explain what influences how much light reaches the algae to make them grow.

scholarly journals Calcium carbonate saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean: undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4963-4991 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chierici ◽  
A. Fransson
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Chukchi Peninsula ◽  
Bering Strait

Abstract. In the summer of 2005, we sampled surface water and measured pH and total alkalinity (AT) underway aboard IB Oden along the Northwest Passage from Cape Farwell (South Greenland) to the Chukchi Sea. We investigated variability of carbonate system parameters, focusing particularly on carbonate concentration [CO32−] and calcium carbonate saturation states, as related to freshwater addition, biological processes and physical upwelling. Measurements on AT, pH at 15°C, salinity (S) and sea surface temperature (SST), were used to calculate total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), [CO32−] and saturation of aragonite (ΩAr) and calcite (ΩCa) in the surface water. The same parameters were measured in the water column of the Bering Strait. Some surface waters in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and on the Mackenzie shelf (MS) were found to be undersaturated with respect to aragonite (ΩAr<1). In these areas, surface water was low in AT and DIC (<1500 μmol kg−1) relative to seawater and showed low [CO32−]. The low saturation states were probably due to the effect of dilution due from freshwater addition by sea ice melt (CAA) and river runoff (MS). High AT and DIC and low pH, corresponded with the lowest [CO32−], ΩAr and ΩCa, observed near Cape Bathurst and along the South Chukchi Peninsula. This was linked to physical upwelling of subsurface water with elevated CO2. Highest surface ΩAr and ΩCa of 3.0 and 4.5, respectively, were found on the Chukchi Sea shelf and in the cold water north of Wrangel Island, which is heavily influenced by high CO2 drawdown and lower DIC from intense biological production. In the western Bering Strait, the cold and saline Anadyr Current carries water that is enriched in AT and DIC from enhanced organic matter remineralization, resulting in the lowest ΩAr (~1.2) of the area.

scholarly journals Biogenic structures in the Arctic: an ecosystem functioning hotspot?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Pierrejean ◽  
Philippe Archambault ◽  
Barbara Neves ◽  
Evan Edinger ◽  
Christian Nozais
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Benthic Fluxes ◽  
Bare Sediment ◽  
Biogenic Structures ◽  
Associated Species

In deep-sea environments, resources availability and habitat complexity drive the distribution of benthic organisms. Biogenic structures such as cold-water corals and sponges create a three-dimensional habitat that facilitate sediment and resources accumulation and therefore show a high abundance of the associated species compared to bare sediments. However, the functions of these biodiversity hotspots in the ecosystem functioning are still poorly known. In this study, we addressed three main questions: 1) do benthic fluxes vary according to their position within patches and bare sediment? 2) are infaunal communities similar in biogenic structure and bare sediment patches? and finally, 3) which variables explain benthic fluxes in these patches? Infaunal communities and benthic fluxes were examined in Arctic regions presenting two types of biogenic structures: corals (Keratoisis sp.) and arborescent sponges. To compare ecosystem functioning between the biogenic structure versus bare sediment patches, sediment cores were collected to quantify benthic fluxes (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate) and the diversity, abundance and composition of infauna. Multivariate analyses suggested that biogenic structure and bare sediment patches exhibited different infaunal assemblage and a spatial pattern for the benthic fluxes even with a distance of 100 m between the type of patches.

scholarly journals Role of cabbeling in water densification in the Greenland Basin

Ocean Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kasajima ◽  
T. Johannessen
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Greenland Basin

Abstract. The effects of cabbeling mixing on water mass modification in the Greenland Sea were explored by hydrographic observations across the Greenland Basin in summer 2006. The neutral surface was chosen as a reference frame, and the strength of cabbeling mixing was quantified by the dianeutral velocity magnitude. Active cabbeling spots were detected with the criterion of the velocity magnitude >1 m/day, and four active cabbeling areas were identified; the west of Bear Island (SB), the Arctic Frontal Zone (AFZ), the central Greenland Sea (CG) and the western Greenland Sea (WG). The most vigorous cabbeling mixing was found at SB, where warm North Atlantic Water (NAW) mixed with cold water from the Barents Sea, inducing a maximum velocity of 7.5 m/day and a maximum density gain of 4.7×10−3 kg/m3. At AFZ and CG, the mixing took place between NAW, modified NAW and Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW), and the density gain at these fronts were 1.5×10−3 kg/m3 (AFZ) and 1.3×10−3 kg/m3 (CG). In the western Greenland Sea, the active cabbeling spots were widely separated and mixing appeared to be rather weak, with a maximum velocity of 2.5 m/day. The mixing source waters at WG were modified NAW, AIW and even denser water, and the density gain in this area was 0.4×10−3 kg/m3. The deepest mixing produced water whose density is equivalent to that of the dense water of the basin, indicating that cabbeling in the western Greenland Sea contributed directly to basin-scale water densification. The water mass modification rate was the highest at AFZ (about 8.0 Sv), suggesting that cabbeling may play an important role in water transformation in the Greenland Basin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document