scholarly journals Recent developments and applications of the CHARMM force fields

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhu ◽  
Pedro E. M. Lopes ◽  
Alexander D. MacKerell
Keyword(s):  
Force Fields ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in first-principles force fields for molecules in nanoporous materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjun Fang ◽  
Hakan Demir ◽  
Preeti Kamakoti ◽  
David S. Sholl
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Force Fields ◽  
Nanoporous Materials ◽  
Recent Developments

Force Fields for Studying the Structure and Dynamics of Ionic Liquids: A Critical Review of Recent Developments

ChemPhysChem ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1625-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Dommert ◽  
Katharina Wendler ◽  
Robert Berger ◽  
Luigi Delle Site ◽  
Christian Holm
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Force Fields ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Recent Developments

Trends in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
C. Colliex ◽  
P. Trebbia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Primary Electrons

The physical foundations for the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy towards analytical purposes, seem now rather well established and have been extensively discussed through recent publications. In this brief review we intend only to mention most recent developments in this field, which became available to our knowledge. We derive also some lines of discussion to define more clearly the limits of this analytical technique in materials science problems.The spectral information carried in both low ( 0<ΔE<100eV ) and high ( >100eV ) energy regions of the loss spectrum, is capable to provide quantitative results. Spectrometers have therefore been designed to work with all kinds of electron microscopes and to cover large energy ranges for the detection of inelastically scattered electrons (for instance the L-edge of molybdenum at 2500eV has been measured by van Zuylen with primary electrons of 80 kV). It is rather easy to fix a post-specimen magnetic optics on a STEM, but Crewe has recently underlined that great care should be devoted to optimize the collecting power and the energy resolution of the whole system.

Filaments and membranes in the mitotic apparatus

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 544-547
Author(s):  
Kent McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Force Generator ◽  
Spindle Function ◽  
Antibody Technology

At the light microscope level the recent developments and interest in antibody technology have permitted the localization of certain non-microtubule proteins within the mitotic spindle, e.g., calmodulin, actin, intermediate filaments, protein kinases and various microtubule associated proteins. Also, the use of fluorescent probes like chlorotetracycline suggest the presence of membranes in the spindle. Localization of non-microtubule structures in the spindle at the EM level has been less rewarding. Some mitosis researchers, e.g., Rarer, have maintained that actin is involved in mitosis movements though the bulk of evidence argues against this interpretation. Others suggest that a microtrabecular network such as found in chromatophore granule movement might be a possible force generator but there is little evidence for or against this view. At the level of regulation of spindle function, Harris and more recently Hepler have argued for the importance of studying spindle membranes. Hepler also believes that membranes might play a structural or mechanical role in moving chromosomes.

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