Climate ethics and population policy: A review of recent philosophical work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Cafaro
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Climate Ethics

Population Policies in Turkey and Demographic Changes on a Social Map

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Murat Yucesahin ◽  
Tuğba Adalı ◽  
A Sinan Türkyılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Low Levels

Compared to its past structure, Turkey is now a country with low levels of fertility and mortality. This junction that Turkey now has reached is associated with a number of risks, such as an ageing population, and a decreasing working-age population. The antinatalist policy era of Turkey was followed by a period of maintenance, yet the recent demographic changes formed the basis of a pronatalist population policy from the government’s view. This study discusses the link between demographic change and population policies in Turkey. It further aims to position Turkey spatially in relation to selected countries that are in various stages of their demographic transitions with different population policies, using a multidimensional scaling approach with data on 25 selected countries from the UN. The analysis is based on a 34-year period, 1975-2009, so as to better demonstrate Turkey’s international position on a social map, past and present. Our findings suggest that Turkey’s position on the social map shifted towards developed countries over time in terms of demographic indicators and population policies. 

A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

Local Population Policy in South Korea: Problems and Alternatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-138
Author(s):  
Hanna Kim ◽  
Woorim Ko ◽  
Yejin Lim ◽  
Myunggu Jung ◽  
Youngtae Cho
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Local Population

District Level Comparative Analysis of Vaccination and Other Health Services

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rakesh Chandra ◽  
Mr. Pravesh Dwivedi ◽  
Dr. Ritesh Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Universal Immunization Program ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Delivery Mechanism ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Universal immunization of children against common vaccine preventable diseases is the most important aspect of childcare programs. It has long been a goal of the Universal Immunization Program. National Population Policy, 2000 has also stressed on development of Indian Immunization Program, as India is one of the largest in the world, in terms of quantities of vaccines used, numbers of beneficiaries, and the numbers of immunization sessions organized. This program is spread all across the country and seven vaccines are used to protect children and pregnant mothers against tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertusis, polio, measles tetanus and hepatitis-B. Some other supplements like vitamin A and iron tablets have also been added with this delivery mechanism to support overall nutritional level of children and their mothers. To assess the grassroot level condition, this study has tried to explore and compare the different parameters related to routine vaccination and supplement distribution in some selected districts. Role of ASHAs and ANMs is very important for this whole immunization program and to enhance the coverage in qualitative manner, certain evaluation parameters must be established like how many households are aware of sanitation, hygiene, preventive health and healthy lifestyle through ASHA and ANM work.

Cultivating Reason

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Epistemic Dependence ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Educational Ideal

The Western philosophical tradition has historically valorized the cultivation of reason as a fundamental intellectual ideal. This ideal continues to be defended by many as educationally basic. However, recent philosophical work has challenged it on several fronts, including worries stemming from relativistic tendencies in the philosophy of science, the apparent ubiquity of epistemic dependence in social epistemology, and broad critiques of objectionable hegemony launched from feminist and postmodernist perspectives. This chapter briefly reviews the historical record, connects the cultivation of reason to the educational ideal of critical thinking, spells out the latter ideal, and evaluates these challenges. It ends by sketching a general, “transcendental” reply to all such critiques of reason.

Climate Ethics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Gardiner ◽  
Simon Caney ◽  
Dale Jamieson ◽  
Henry Shue
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
General Reference ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Climate Ethics ◽  
Climate Economics ◽  
Intergenerational Ethics

This collection gathers a set of seminal papers from the emerging area of ethics and climate change. Topics covered include human rights, international justice, intergenerational ethics, individual responsibility, climate economics, and the ethics of geoengineering. Climate Ethics is intended to serve as a source book for general reference, and for university courses that include a focus on the human dimensions of climate change. It should be of broad interest to all those concerned with global justice, environmental science and policy, and the future of humanity.

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