scholarly journals Multinational and large national corporations and climate adaptation: are we asking the right questions? A review of current knowledge and a new research perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Averchenkova ◽  
Florence Crick ◽  
Adriana Kocornik-Mina ◽  
Hayley Leck ◽  
Swenja Surminski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Right

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF TYMPANOSCLEROSIS AND TREATMENT EFFECT

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450051 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENJUAN YAO ◽  
JIANWEI MA ◽  
XUEMEI LUO ◽  
BOTE LUO
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Stapes Footplate ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Element Technique ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Right

Tympanosclerosis is a typical middle ear disease, which is one of the main causes of conduction deafness. We investigate the effects of tympanosclerosis and lesion excision on sound transmission of the human ear by using finite element technique. Based on CT scan images from Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University on the normal human middle ear, numerical values of the CT scans were obtained by further processing of the images using a self-compiled program. The CT data of the right ear from a healthy volunteer were digitalized and imported into PATRAN software to reconstruct the finite element model of the ear by a self-compiling program. A frequency response analysis was made for the model, and comparative analysis was made between the calculated results and experimental data, which validated the model in this paper. The results show that the sclerosis of the ligaments and tensor muscle in the middle ear caused by force on the ossicles is larger than the normal ear and the amplitude of the stapes footplate is larger than the normal ear. This leads to a decrease of the final conductive hearing function. Furthermore, the excision of the stapes ligament and tensor tympani is good for the restoration of normal hearing. This paper provides new research perspective for clinical treatment.

Clause Structure and Word Order in the History of German

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Clause Structure ◽  
Verb Second ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Over roughly the last decade, there has been a notable rise in new research on historical German syntax in a generative perspective. This volume presents a state-of-the-art survey of this thriving new line of research by leading scholars in the field, combining it with new insights into the syntax of historical German. It is the first comprehensive and concise generative historical syntax of German covering numerous central aspects of clause structure and word order, tracing them throughout various historical stages. Each chapter combines a solid empirical basis and valid descriptive generalizations with reference also to the more traditional topological model of the German clause with a detailed discussion of theoretical analyses couched in the generative framework. The volume is divided into three parts according to the main parts of the clause: the left periphery dealing with verbal placement and the filling of the prefield (verb second, verb first, verb third orders) as well as adverbial connectives; the middle field including discussion of pronominal syntax, order of full NPs and the history of negation; and the right periphery with chapters on basic word order (OV/VO), prosodic and information-structural factors, and the verbal complex including the development of periphrastic verb forms and the phenomena of IPP (infinitivus pro participio) and ACI (accusativus cum infinitivo). This book thus provides a convenient overview of current research on the major issues concerning historical German clause structure both for scholars interested in more traditional description and for those interested in formal accounts of diachronic syntax.

scholarly journals Bone morphogenetic proteins, breast cancer, and bone metastases: striking the right balance

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. R349-R366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Zabkiewicz ◽  
Jeyna Resaul ◽  
Rachel Hargest ◽  
Wen Guo Jiang ◽  
Lin Ye
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Breast Tumour ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Right

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β super family, and are essential for the regulation of foetal development, tissue differentiation and homeostasis and a multitude of cellular functions. Naturally, this has led to the exploration of aberrance in this highly regulated system as a key factor in tumourigenesis. Originally identified for their role in osteogenesis and bone turnover, attention has been turned to the potential role of BMPs in tumour metastases to, and progression within, the bone niche. This is particularly pertinent to breast cancer, which commonly metastasises to bone, and in which studies have revealed aberrations of both BMP expression and signalling, which correlate clinically with breast cancer progression. Ultimately a BMP profile could provide new prognostic disease markers. As the evidence suggests a role for BMPs in regulating breast tumour cellular function, in particular interactions with tumour stroma and the bone metastatic microenvironment, there may be novel therapeutic potential in targeting BMP signalling in breast cancer. This review provides an update on the current knowledge of BMP abnormalities and their implication in the development and progression of breast cancer, particularly in the disease-specific bone metastasis.

scholarly journals Measuring Bourdieu Capitals of Landscape Architects In Malaysian Landscape Architecture Firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Ruzaini Zahari ◽  
Mohd Hisham Ariffin ◽  
Noriah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Intangible Resources ◽  
Trait Theory ◽  
Trait Theory Of Leadership ◽  
Individual Use ◽  
New Research ◽  
Architecture Firms

Pierre Bourdieu (1986) introduced the concept of capitals as forms of intangible resources that individual use to advance their socio-economic status. Past relevant researches have not focused on all Bourdieu capitals. This study conceptualises the Bourdieu capitals to empirically determine the intangible resources of Malaysian leader landscape architects. The aim of this study is to determine the type of capitals of leader landscape architects in Malaysian landscape architecture firms. All landscape architecture firms (73 nos.) in the database of the Institute of Landscape Architects Malaysia were chosen for the survey. The firms were given the letter of invitation and questionnaires through the post. Thirty-nine firms responded to the invitation which resulted in 90 subordinates landscape architects and assistant landscape architects as respondents. The subordinates were asked to rate their leaders’ (landscape architects) capitals. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. Factor analysis findings generated 5 factors (capitals). The capitals are social, human, emotional, cultural and design authority. The study findings provide evidence of the validity of scales to measure the intangible resources of the leading landscape architects in Malaysian landscape architecture firms. It also suggests a new research perspective for the Trait Theory of Leadership by replacing the traits with Bourdieu’s forms of capitals.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Hypertension in Acute and Chronic High Altitude Maladaptation Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1692
Author(s):  
Akylbek Sydykov ◽  
Argen Mamazhakypov ◽  
Abdirashit Maripov ◽  
Djuro Kosanovic ◽  
Norbert Weissmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Right Heart Failure ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extensive Clinical Experience

Alveolar hypoxia is the most prominent feature of high altitude environment with well-known consequences for the cardio-pulmonary system, including development of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension due to an exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction contributes to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), a life-threatening disorder, occurring at high altitudes in non-acclimatized healthy individuals. Despite a strong physiologic rationale for using vasodilators for prevention and treatment of HAPE, no systematic studies of their efficacy have been conducted to date. Calcium-channel blockers are currently recommended for drug prophylaxis in high-risk individuals with a clear history of recurrent HAPE based on the extensive clinical experience with nifedipine in HAPE prevention in susceptible individuals. Chronic exposure to hypoxia induces pulmonary vascular remodeling and development of pulmonary hypertension, which places an increased pressure load on the right ventricle leading to right heart failure. Further, pulmonary hypertension along with excessive erythrocytosis may complicate chronic mountain sickness, another high altitude maladaptation disorder. Importantly, other causes than hypoxia may potentially underlie and/or contribute to pulmonary hypertension at high altitude, such as chronic heart and lung diseases, thrombotic or embolic diseases. Extensive clinical experience with drugs in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension suggests their potential for treatment of high altitude pulmonary hypertension. Small studies have demonstrated their efficacy in reducing pulmonary artery pressure in high altitude residents. However, no drugs have been approved to date for the therapy of chronic high altitude pulmonary hypertension. This work provides a literature review on the role of pulmonary hypertension in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic high altitude maladaptation disorders and summarizes current knowledge regarding potential treatment options.

Analysis of Aluminium Beam-to-Column Joints by the Component Method: Existing Studies and Research Needs

2016 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco De Matteis ◽  
Giuseppe Brando
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Component Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Moment Resisting ◽  
New Research ◽  
Steel Joints

This paper aims at providing an overview on the current state of the art and on possible future developments concerning the component method implementation for the classification of beam-to-column joints belonging to aluminum moment resisting frames.After a brief discussion on the component method theoretical bases, developed in the past to give a feasible calculation procedure for steel joints, recent experimental and numerical studies, carried out for investigating some aluminum components, are presented and discussed. In particular strengths and weaknesses of the current knowledge are put into evidence, also in light of the peculiarities that make aluminum alloys different from steel. The launch of new research fields, aimed at pursuing an update of the current codes dealing with aluminum structures, is therefore proposed.

Leven met water

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
MICHEL LASCARIS
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
New Research ◽  
Over Time

Living with water. The Dijkenkaart of the Netherlands De Cultural Heritage Agency made an interesting digital map (in GIS) of all the dikes in the Netherlands. This was possible by using existing digital maps, but new research was necessary to make this general overview. There was discussion about the dating of dikes, because dikes can be of medieval origin, but were adjusted over time. Besides dikes, researchers find GIS and historical information on poldermills, kolks, reclamations and pumping stations. That is why this map is called ‘Living with water’, because this information can help addressing new challenges in climate adaptation strategies dealing with water. Everyone can take a look, or download the map in GIS, on www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/onderwerpen/bronnen-en-kaarten/overzicht/levenmet-water-kaart.

Is GRADE the Right Choice for Clinical Practice Guidelines Developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Andrés M. Bur ◽  
Richard M. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
The Right

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), developed to inform clinicians, patients, and policy makers about what constitutes optimal clinical care, are one way of increasing implementation of evidence into clinical practice. Many factors must be considered by multidisciplinary guideline panels, including strength of available evidence, limitations of current knowledge, risks/benefits of interventions, patient values, and limited resources. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) is a framework for summarizing evidence that has been endorsed by many national and international organizations for developing CPGs. But is GRADE the right choice for CPGs developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF)? In this commentary, we will introduce GRADE, discuss its strengths and limitations, and address the question of what potential benefits GRADE might offer beyond existing methodology used by the AAO-HNSF in developing CPGs.

scholarly journals Systematizing Genome Privacy Research: A Privacy-Enhancing Technologies Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mittos ◽  
Bradley Malin ◽  
Emiliano De Cristofaro
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Privacy Enhancing Technologies ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
New Research

Abstract Rapid advances in human genomics are enabling researchers to gain a better understanding of the role of the genome in our health and well-being, stimulating hope for more effective and cost efficient healthcare. However, this also prompts a number of security and privacy concerns stemming from the distinctive characteristics of genomic data. To address them, a new research community has emerged and produced a large number of publications and initiatives. In this paper, we rely on a structured methodology to contextualize and provide a critical analysis of the current knowledge on privacy-enhancing technologies used for testing, storing, and sharing genomic data, using a representative sample of the work published in the past decade. We identify and discuss limitations, technical challenges, and issues faced by the community, focusing in particular on those that are inherently tied to the nature of the problem and are harder for the community alone to address. Finally, we report on the importance and difficulty of the identified challenges based on an online survey of genome data privacy experts.

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