Biofuels: economic, environmental and social benefits and costs for developing countries in Asia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabbir H. Gheewala ◽  
Beau Damen ◽  
Xunpeng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Social Benefits and Social Costs of Drug Control Laws

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Black Markets ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Levels Of Control

While drug control laws tend to reduce the incidence of drug use, their enforcement is not without cost to society. Among the most obvious costs is the development of black markets in drugs and the criminalization of users. Modest control laws can substantially reduce drug use without incurring serious social costs. However, increasing the severity of control laws adds less and less to the benefits achieved and more and more to the costs to society. Ultimately the costs outweigh the benefits. We should aim for optimum levels of control by weighing both the benefits and costs of our drug control laws.

Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Tourism: The Houseboats of Kerala

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jithendran Kokkranikal ◽  
Alison Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Tourism Product

Within developing countries it has been identified that one means of achieving sustainable tourism is through the effective engagement of local communities. In particular, this involves the encouragement of indigenous entrepreneurship, often in the forms of self-employment and small-scale enterprises. The aim is to maximise potential economic and social benefits of tourism development within the host destinations. This paper provides a conceptual framework and descriptive case study within which to analyse an example of indigenous entrepreneurship as evidence in the operators of a houseboat tourism product in the State of Kerala, India. Conclusions are drawn relative to the sustainability of both the product and indigenous entrepreneurial activity.

Socio-Economic Contributions To Technological Assessment: The Tics Approach

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Theodore Downing
Keyword(s):  
Technology Assessment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Technological Assessment ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Identification Analysis ◽  
Systematic Identification ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Technology assessments (TA's) evaluate the potential social benefits and costs associated with the development of new technologies. Although specialists sometimes disagree, basically a technology assessment is: the systematic identification, analysis, and evaluation of the potential secondary consequences (whether beneficial or detrimental) of technology in terms of its impact on social, cultural, political, economic and environmental systems and processes … (It) . . is intended to provide a neutral, factual input into the decision-making process. (V. T. Coates Readings in Technology Assessment 1975:11)

Environmental impacts and mitigation costs associated with cloth and leather exports from Pakistan

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan ◽  
Mahmood A. Khwaja ◽  
Abdul Matin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mitigation Costs ◽  
Environmental Capital ◽  
Very High

We have drawn two propositions, critical from a developing country viewpoint, from the trade and environment literature and assessed them for cloth and leather production in Pakistan. The first is that trade liberalization will result in export by developing countries of their environmental capital. The second is that the costs of mitigating these damaging environmental effects in the South are very high. We find that, given the state of implementation of environmental laws in Pakistan, exports induced by trade liberalization can indeed have major negative environmental impacts. However, we do not find support for the proposition that the costs of mitigation are very high. We also find that the social benefits far exceed the costs of mitigation.

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