scholarly journals Investigation of protective level of rabies antibodies in vaccinated dogs in Chennai, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowri Yale ◽  
Sampada Sudarshan ◽  
Shaheen Taj ◽  
Ganesan Irulappan Patchimuthu ◽  
Bharathi Vijaya Mangalanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Level

scholarly journals Neutralizing Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer and Reported Adverse Effects, in a Sample of Italian Nursing Home Personnel after Two Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Administered Four Weeks Apart

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Alberto Modenese ◽  
Stefania Paduano ◽  
Annalisa Bargellini ◽  
Rossana Bellucci ◽  
Simona Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
High Antibody Titer ◽  
Main Factors

Background: The immunization of healthcare workers (HCWs) plays a recognized key role in prevention in the COVID-19 pandemic: in Italy, the vaccination campaign began at the end of December 2020. A better knowledge of the on-field immune response in HCWs, of adverse effects and of the main factors involved is fundamental. Methods: We performed a study on workers at a nursing home in Northern Italy, vaccinated in January–February 2021 with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine four weeks apart, instead of the three weeks provided for in the original manufacturer protocol. One month after the second dose, the serological titer of IgG-neutralizing anti-RBD antibodies of the subunit S1 of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was determined. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects and adverse effects of vaccination were collected by questionnaire. Results: In all of the workers, high antibody titer, ranging between 20 and 760 times the minimum protective level were observed. Titers were significantly higher in subjects with a previous COVID-19 diagnosis. Adverse effects after the vaccine were more frequent after the second dose, but no severe adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: The two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, even if administered four weeks apart, induced high titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing IgG in all the operators included in the study.

scholarly journals Clinical Studies of Vaccine Against Smallpox on the Base of Recombinant Vaccinia b7,5S2-S Strain under the Conditions of Double Oral Vaccination

2010 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
I. V. Plyasunov ◽  
A. A. Sergeev ◽  
L. N. Shishkina ◽  
Al. A. Sergeev ◽  
K. A. Titova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Small Dose ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Oral Vaccination

Volunteers who had been vaccinated against smallpox in their childhood were orally immunized with Revax-BT vaccine - initially with a small dose, then (in 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 days) with a large one. Slight reactogenicity was observed after the first vaccination whereas revaccination induced no clinical manifestation. Double immunization with this preparation with 1-2 weeks interval proved to be the most effective method: the protective level of virus-neutralizing antibodies to vaccinia virus (VV) was formed in 90-100 % volunteers in a month after vaccination, and 6 months later this index decreased up to 70 %. The recombinant VV was not registered in the samples of blood, saliva and urine taken from the volunteers after double immunization.

Hepatitis B Vaccine in Healthy Hospital Employees

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Klotz ◽  
R. Normand ◽  
R. Silberman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Entire Series ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
Lower Response Rate ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractA low rate of seroconversion to hepatitis B vaccine is reported. This occurred in healthy hospital employees from two separate institutions. A total of 236 individuals were evaluated in this study and only 53% or 124 persons developed protective levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen following a complete vaccine series. In one hospital, 30% of the vaccine recipients developed antibody but not to a protective level. Employees who received the entire series in the arm or in the arm and buttock (mixed) had a significantly greater number of responders than employees who received the entire series in the buttock (P<.05). Recipients aged 50 to 59 years had a significantly lower response rate to the vaccine (P<.05). There was no correlation with the vaccinee's sex or the timing of the second injection. Vaccine was noted to have frozen in one hospital and accounted for some loss of antigenicity. This failure to respond to the vaccine has necessitated the use of booster injections of vaccine and continued antibody monitoring.

scholarly journals Seroconversion after Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccination

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Guho ◽  
Md Abdul Ahad ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Abdul Alim ◽  
AKM Enamul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Recombinant Hepatitis ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Population

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is an important public health problem with significant morbidity andmortality. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection is in practice in differentparts of the world since its availability in 1986. Government of Bangladesh has also included hepatitis B vaccine inEPI schedule since 2005.Materials and methods: This study was carried out to assess the seroconversion status among hepatitis Bvaccinated individuals. A total of 190 individuals including 150 vaccinated persons and 40 non-vaccinated apparentlyhealthy individuals were included as study population. Sources of vaccinated persons were from both EPI and non-EPI schedule of vaccination. Age and sex matched non-vaccinated individuals served as controls for the study. Allindividuals constituting the study population were screened for HBsAg by Immunochromatographic strip test andonly HBsAg-negative persons were included for estimation of their anti-HBs titer.Results: Out of 150 vaccinated individuals, 133(88.67%) were found to have anti-HBs titer in the protective level(>10 IU/L), while 17(11.33%) individuals had anti-HBs titer below the protective level (<10 IU/L). All non-vaccinatedcontrols had anti-HBs titers below the protective level. Regarding immune response developed among vaccinatedindividuals, 67.78%, 23.33% and 8.89% were good-responders, hypo-responders and non-responders respectively.Mean titer of anti-HBs was found significantly higher among recipients who received booster dose than those whoreceived 3 doses schedule (863.39 IU/L vs. 262.40 IU/L), indicating high antibody titer develops after booster dose.Vaccinated group included 85 (56.67%) men and 65 (43.33%) women with protective level of anti-HBs titer foundin 85.88% male and 92.31% female individuals. There was no significant difference of anti-HBs titer between maleand female (p>0.05). Vaccinated individuals from lower socioeconomic condition have had comparatively low rateof protective antibody than people from middle and upper classes.Conclusion: Recombinant HB vaccine induces good level of protective immunity among vaccinated persons.Keywords: Hepatitis B; hepatitis B vaccine; seroconversion; BangladeshDOI: 10.3329/jom.v11i2.5461J MEDICINE 2010; 11 : 143-150

scholarly journals Importance of Antirabies Revaccination for an Adequate Antirabies Protection in Bovine Newborns

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Filho ◽  
J. Megid ◽  
L. Geronutti ◽  
J. Ratti ◽  
A. P. A. G. Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Offspring Protection ◽  
Colostral Antibody

ABSTRACT The transfer of antirabies immunoglobulins in cows that were prime vaccinated and cows that were revaccinated against rabies correlated to the serum titers in their offspring was evaluated. The results demonstrated that revaccination against rabies during pregnancy induces neutralizing antibody titers at a protective level that are transferred directly to calves through colostrum and reinforce the importance of revaccination for improved colostral antibody transfer and offspring protection against rabies.

Defects In Lymphocyte Subsets and Serological Memory Persist a Median of 10 Years After High Dose Therapy and Autologous Progenitor Cell Rescue for Malignant Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 1265-1265
Author(s):  
Harry F Dean ◽  
Angelica Cazaly ◽  
Carol Hurlock ◽  
Anthony P Williams ◽  
Peter W Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Abstract 1265 The number of survivors who have undergone high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) with autologous progenitor cell rescue for malignant lymphoma is increasing. Data on long-term immunological reconstitution is limited, particularly for lymphocyte populations that are now more readily enumerated. Despite consensus guidelines, routine primary revaccination of this patient population has not been universally adopted. Methods From the Wessex Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Registry, 130 patients (pts.) with malignant lymphoma, who had undergone HDT, and were known to be in an ongoing continuous remission for at least 3 years were identified and invited to participate with the aim of quantifying lymphocyte subsets and serological memory. Thirty-seven pts., median age 52 years (range 30–71) consented to study participation; their histologies comprised: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 32%; Hodgkin's disease, 27%; follicular lymphoma, 27%; other lymphomas, 14%. The median follow-up from the time of HDT to study entry was 10.6 years (range 3.0–20.2). All, except 4 pts., had received peripheral blood derived progenitor cells, which had been purged in 2 pts. An age matched population (median 56 years) of 14 healthy individuals (predominantly patient spouses) served as controls. Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were assessed using multicolour flow cytometric analysis with a 16 antibody panel. Serum antibody levels to measles, mumps, rubella, HiB, tetanus and pneumococcus were determined by ELISA. Results There was no significant difference in T, B and NK-cell populations between long-term follow-up pts. and controls, however even at median follow-up of 10 years there were persisting altered CD4+/CD8+ ratios with a reduced proportion of CD4+ cells in pts. compared to controls (median CD4+ 43% vs. 63% respectively; P<0.001). Naïve CD4+ cells were profoundly reduced in patients (P<0.001) yet effector memory and central memory CD4+ cells were higher in the pts. (P<0.001 and P=0.009 respectively).The effector memory RA population (intermediate between naïve and effector T-cells) were found in similar proportions between pts. and controls. Within the CD8+ population, the naïve population was reduced (P<0.001) with a corresponding increase in CD8+ memory cells in pts (p<0.001) however there was no difference in the level of central and effector memory CD8+ cells between pts. and controls. CD4+ T-cell numbers positively correlated with time form transplant, showing a continuous linear relationship. There were no significant differences in the proportion of memory and naïve B-cells between pts. and controls. Similarly there was no difference in marginal zone-like, class switch subtyes and mature plasmablasts proportions between the two groups. Uptake of revaccination following HDT was sporadic. Despite only 15 pts. (and only 1 pt receiving full course) being revaccinated, all patients demonstrated tetanus antibody levels above the minimal protective level. In two pts. who had received only a single dose of tetanus vaccine had antibody levels only just above the minimum. No pts. had been revaccinated against measles, mumps or rubella: 58%, 43% and 23% of pts respectively were below the equivocal serological level for immunity. No pt. had received pre HDT HiB vaccination and only 1 post HDT; 11% were below the minimal protective level. Four pts. had been vaccination against pneumococcus pre HDT and 13 pts. post: In 33% pts. antibody levels were below the minimum protective level. Conclusions Even at a median of 10 years following curative HDT, defects in lymphocyte subsets persist. The sustained reduction in naïve T-cell subsets, likely as a result of thymic incapacity, resulted in a peripheral T-cell population with a restricted TCR repertoire and the potential for impaired responses to novel antigenic stimuli many years after HDT. Other lymphocyte lineages however were able to fully reconstitute. Lack of serologically determined immunity was common, and the risk of incomplete vaccination scheduling demonstrated. In line with consensus statements, pts. following HDT should undergo full course revaccination or at least have assessment of their serological memory quantified to minimise the risk of infectious morbidity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The Vi Conjugate Typhoid Vaccine Is Safe, Elicits Protective Levels of IgG Anti-Vi, and Is Compatible with Routine Infant Vaccines

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Dinh Thiem ◽  
Feng-Ying C. Lin ◽  
Do Gia Canh ◽  
Nguyen Hong Son ◽  
Dang Duc Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Type B ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Routine Infant

ABSTRACTTyphoid fever remains a serious problem in developing countries. Current vaccines are licensed for individuals who are 5 years old or older. A conjugate of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi (Vi) bound to recombinant exoprotein A ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(Vi-rEPA) enhanced Vi immunogenicity and protected 2- to 5-year-olds in Vietnam. In this study, Vi-rEPA was evaluated for use in infants. A total of 301 full-term Vietnamese infants received Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines alone or with Vi-rEPA orHaemophilus influenzaetype b-tetanus toxoid conjugate (Hib-TT) at 2, 4, and 6 months and Vi-rEPA or Hib-TT alone at 12 months. Infants were visited 6, 24, and 48 h after each injection to monitor adverse reactions. Maternal, cord, and infant sera were assayed for IgG anti-Vi and for IgG antibodies to Hib CP and the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis toxins at 7, 12, and 13 months. No vaccine-related serious adverse reactions occurred. In the Vi-rEPA group, the IgG anti-Vi geometric mean (GM) increased from the cord level of 0.66 to 17.4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units (EU) at 7 months, declined to 4.76 EU at 12 months, and increased to 50.1 EU 1 month after the 4th dose (95% of infants had levels of ≥3.5 EU, the estimated protective level). Controls had no increase of the IgG anti-Vi GM. Infants with cord anti-Vi levels of <3.5 EU responded with significantly higher IgG anti-Vi levels than those with levels of ≥3.5 EU. Anti-diphtheria, -tetanus, and -pertussis toxin levels were similar in all groups. Vi-rEPA was safe, induced protective anti-Vi levels, and was compatible with EPI vaccines, and it can be used in infants. High cord IgG anti-Vi levels partially suppressed infant responses to Vi-rEPA.

Qualification of Switchable Metal-Oxide Arresters for a Protective Level of 1.6 P.U. on Hydro-Québec's 735-kV System

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Latour ◽  
Guy St-Jean ◽  
Andre Petit ◽  
Hieu Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Protective Level

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Immunological Efficacy of Health Workers Vaccination against Hepatitis B

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Akimkin ◽  
T. A. Semenenko
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Vaccination Scheme

The results of specific immunization of hospital health workers with domestic hepatitis B «Combiotech» vaccine indicate its high immunological and epidemiological efficiency. Protective level of collective immunity was established during surveillance according to the standard vaccination scheme, and epidemiological protectability over a period of the emergency vaccination scheme with the threat of professional infection. The marked lack of hepatitis B cases among vaccinated persons when carrying out immunization according to standard and emergency schemes as well as a significant reduction of the morbidity of medical staff of various clinical forms of the infection got registered. Use of domestic preparation taking into account two serotypes of ayw and adw which are contained in vaccines against hepatitis B is advisable.

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