Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a cat with cranial cruciate ligament rupture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Victor Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Dogs with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Undergoing to Arthrotomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luanna Ferreira Fasanelo Gomes ◽  
Thales Bregadioli ◽  
Stefano Carlo Filippo Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Meniscus Tears ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Background: The cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) is the most common disease of the stifle joint in dogs. One of the major concerns in the assessment of these animals is diagnosing the presence of a medial meniscus tears, which is a frequent consequence due to the instability of the joint. Ultrasonography is indicated in the evaluation of the menisci from human and canine patients, and the results are similar to magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this study was to compare the ultrasonography and the arthrotomy in the evaluation of the cranial cruciate ligament and medial meniscus of dogs with CrCLR undergoing surgery for stifle stabilization.Materials, Methods & Results: Ultrasonographic examination was performed prior to arthrotomy in 23 dogs with diagnosis of complete CrCLR and five with suspected partial CrCLR undergoing for stifle joint stabilization surgery. The ultrasonography identified the complete rupture in 82.6% and the arthrotomy in 100% of the joints with this diagnosis. In the joints with suspected CrCLR during the clinical exam, arthrotomy and ultrasonography identified respectively three and four joints with partial CrCLR, and two and one with healthy ligaments. There was no difference between the two techniques in the assessment of the cranial cruciate ligament (P = 0.20). The ultrasonography identified medial meniscal tears in 39.3%, while arthrotomy was found in 21.4% (P = 0.0006) of the joints. The most frequent meniscal tear type observed in the arthrotomy was folded caudal horn. The ultrasonography was able only in differentiate presence and absence of meniscal injury. Besides the real tear that affects the meniscus morphology, the ultrasound also identified echogenicity and echotexture changes in the medial (5/28) and lateral (8/28) menisci. Other changes observed in all joints evaluated by ultrasound were the presence of effusion and synovial membrane thickening.Discussion: The complete and almost complete CrCLR are diagnosed by clinical examination through the evaluation of instability of the stifle joint, which is not possible in partial CrCLR in stable joints. In this study of the five evaluated stable joints, the ultrasound correctly identified the partial CrCLR in three joints and the ligament integrity in one of the joints when compared to arthrotomy. In animals with stifle joint instability the meniscus assessment is fundamental as it is one of the main causes of persistent lameness in dogs subjected to conservative or surgical treatment. Ultrasonography cannot differentiate the types of meniscal tears but identified approximately 1.8 times more medial meniscus tears compared to arthrotomy. Despite the bucket handle being the most common tear of medial meniscus in dogs with CrCLR, four of the six meniscal tears identified by arthrotomy were folded caudal horn. This lesion causes cranial displacement of the caudal horn which may have facilitated its identification by minimally invasive arthrotomy, being the probable reason for its high incidence in this study. Echogenicity and echotexture changes without affecting the meniscus morphology were related with intrasubstance degeneration described in human medicine. Ultrasonography is not the better technique to assess the CrCL but can assist in identifying partial ruptures. Because it has results similar to magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography is an important tool in the diagnosis of meniscus tears.

Fast presurgical magnetic resonance imaging of meniscal tears and concurrent subchondral bone marrow lesions

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-07 ◽  
Author(s):  
M-A. d'Anjou ◽  
J. Cabassu ◽  
N. Chailleux ◽  
L. Blond ◽  
J. Olive
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Bone Marrow Lesions ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Rupture ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

SummaryMeniscal tears and subchondral bone marrow lesions have both been described in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture, but their possible concurrence has not been evaluated. In a population of 14 dogs exhibiting signs of stifle pain with surgically confirmed cranial cruciate ligament rupture, a short presurgical 1.5T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol including dorsal proton density, dorsal T1-weighted gradient recalled echo, and sagittal fat-saturated dual echo sequences was tested to further investigate these features and illustrate meniscal tears. Interobserver agreement for detection of medial meniscal tears (k = 0.83) and bone marrow lesions (k = 0.87) was excellent. Consensus MR reading allowed detection of nine out of 12 surgically confirmed medial meniscal tears and there was no false positive. All dogs had cruciate ligament enthesisrelated bone marrow lesions in the tibia, femur or both bones. Additionally, among the 12 dogs with confirmed medial meniscal tears, subchondral bone marrow lesions were present in the caudomedial (9 dogs) and caudoaxial (11 dogs) regions of the tibial plateau, resulting in odds ratios (13.6, p = 0.12, and 38.3, p = 0.04, respectively) that had large confidence intervals due to the small group size of this study. The other two dogs had neither tibial bone marrow lesions in these locations nor medial meniscal tears. These encouraging preliminary results warrant further investigation using this clinically realistic preoperative MR protocol. As direct diagnosis of meniscal tears remained challenging in dogs even with high-field MR, identification of associated signs such as subchondral bone marrow lesions might indirectly allow suspicion of an otherwise unrecognized meniscal tear.

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