Administration of ketoprofen affects post‐partum lying behaviours of Holstein dairy cows regardless of whether parturition is assisted

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Gladden ◽  
Kathryn Ellis ◽  
Jessica Martin ◽  
Dorothy McKeegan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Relationship between expression pattern of vitamin D receptor, 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine RANTES genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in Holstein dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000339
Author(s):  
Hala A R Saed ◽  
Hussam M M Ibrahim ◽  
Sabry A El-Khodery ◽  
Mohamed A Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in peripheral blood of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 16 Holstein dairy cows at 3 weeks prior expected date of delivery (EDD), at the day of parturition, and 3 weeks post-partum for assessment of expression profile of studied genes using real-time PCR and measurement of glucose, ionized calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), inorganic phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and magnesium (Mg) levels.ResultsCompared with 3 weeks prior EDD, VDR gene expression decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The genetic expression of 1α-OHase enzyme as well as PTH, K, Na and Cl levels increased significantly at the day of parturition. The Ca level decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The P level increased significantly at the day of parturition then decreased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. Glucose level decreased significantly at the day of parturition and at 3 weeks post-partum. RANTES gene expression showed non-significant changes among the three different time points. The expression of VDR gene had a negative correlation with the expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene, and serum levels of glucose, PTH, P and K, but had a positive correlation with the serum Ca level. The expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene had a positive correlation with serum levels of PTH, P and K, but had a negative correlation with the serum Ca level.ConclusionsResults of the current study indicate the importance of monitoring the genetic expression of VDR and 1α-OHase enzyme as indicators of metabolic changes during transition period, suggesting that they are candidate genes to judge the health status of dairy cows during such period.

scholarly journals Peripartal Rumen-Protected L-Carnitine Manipulates the Productive and Blood Metabolic Responses in High-Producing Holstein Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Hassan Kargar ◽  
Sadjad Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Ali Javadmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aimed to monitor the effect of including rumen-protected L-carnitine (Carneon 20 Rumin-Pro, Kaesler Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) in the transition diet on the productive and metabolic responses of multiparous high-producing Holstein dairy cows. Thirty-two multiparous cows were allocated in a completely randomized design to receive the same diet plus 60 g fat prill containing 85% palmitic acid (control, n = 16) or 100 g rumen-protected L-carnitine (RLC, n = 16); at 28 days before expected calving until 28 days in milk (DIM). Fat prill was included in the control diet to balance the palmitic acid content of both experimental diets. Milk production over the 28 DIM for the control and RLC groups was 46.5 and 47.7 kg, respectively. Milk fat content tended to increase upon rumen-protected L-carnitine inclusion (p = 0.1). Cows fed rumen-protected L-carnitine had higher fat- and energy-corrected milk compared with the control group. Pre- and post-partum administration of L-carnitine decreased both high- and low-density lipoprotein concentrations in peripheral blood of post-partum cows. The results of this study indicated that the concentration of triglycerides and beta-hydroxybutyrate was not significantly different between the groups, whereas the blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration was markedly decreased in cows supplemented with L-carnitine. Animals in the RLC group had a significant (p < 0.05) lower blood haptoglobin concentration at 7 and 14 DIM than the control. Animals in the RLC group had a lower concentration of blood enzymes than those of the control group. The mRNA abundance of Toll-like receptors 4, cluster of differentiation 14, and myeloid differential protein 2 did not significantly change upon the supplementation of L-carnitine in the transition diet. In summary, the dietary inclusion of RLC improved dairy cow's performance during the early lactation period. Greater production, at least in part, is driven by improved energy utilization efficiency and enhanced metabolic status in animals during the periparturient period.

Early post-partum hematological changes in Holstein dairy cows with retained placenta

2015 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierangelo Moretti ◽  
Monica Probo ◽  
Nicola Morandi ◽  
Erminio Trevisi ◽  
Annarita Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Relationships between changes in plasma concentrations of leptin before and after parturition and the timing of first post-partum ovulation in high-producing Holstein dairy cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kadokawa ◽  
D. Blache ◽  
Y. Yamada ◽  
G. B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metabolic Signal ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

During early lactation, dairy cattle are in negative energy balance and the delay to first post-partum ovulation depends on the time taken to recover from this situation. Lactating cows rely heavily on body fat to meet their requirements, leading to the suggestion that leptin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes, is acting as a metabolic signal to sites that control the reproductive axis. The relationship between plasma leptin concentrations and the timing of the first ovulation post partum in 20 high-producing Holstein dairy cows, using a radioimmunoassay based on recombinant bovine leptin was studied. Plasma leptin concentrations declined after parturition, reached a nadir of 0.74 ± 0.17 ng mL–1 on 10.1 ± 2.2 days after parturition (all values are mean ± SEM). They then increased and became stable near the time of ovulation. Leptin concentrations averaged 1.81 ± 0.31 ng mL –1 in the 14 days prepartum, 1.32 ± 0.21 ng mL –1 in the post-partum preovulatory period, and 1.61 ± 0.24 ng mL –1 in the post-ovulatory period. The differences between periods were significant (P<0.01). The interval from parturition to first ovulation averaged 25.9 ± 2.0 days and was not correlated with the prepartum, preovulatory or post-ovulatory leptin values. However, the interval to first ovulation correlated significantly (r = 0.83;P<0.0001) with the interval from parturition to the leptin nadir. These results show that plasma concentrations of leptin decrease in dairy cows in the early post-partum period and suggest that a delay in the recovery of leptin secretion increases the delay to the first ovulation.

Comparison between two preventive treatments for hyperketonaemia carried out pre-partum: effects on non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and some biochemical parameters during peripartum and early lactation

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Enrico Fiore ◽  
Laura Perillo ◽  
Matteo Gianesella ◽  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
Elisabetta Giudice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different preventive protocols, on serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration and liver health indices pre-partum and during early-lactation in high-yielding Holstein dairy cows. One hundred cows were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CTRL, n = 20, without preventive treatment), second group (SUPP, n = 40 animals treated with a compound based on acetyl-methionine, inositol, cyanocobalamin, l-alanine, l-arginine, l-threonine, l-glutamic acid supplementation and α-lipoic acid) and third group (MON, n = 40 animals treated with monensin). Blood samples were collected from all cows at on 3 occasions pre-partum and 3 occasions post-partum. Body condition (BCS) score was evaluated and glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHB, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin, total proteins, globulins, albumin and urea concentrations were assessed. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was applied. Statistically significant differences among the three experimental groups were found in the values of all studied parameters (P < 0.05). Our results confirm the established beneficial effect of MON treatment in decreasing BHB levels and increasing glucose availability after calving. Serum biochemical analysis revealed the expected post-partum alterations attributable to adaptations that influenced the metabolism and liver function in CTRL, whereas these alterations were reduced or absent in SUPP and MON. Results from the present study suggest that both preventive protocols, but in particular SUPP, could positively affect selected indicators of energy metabolism reducing the risk of hyperketonaemia and increase of liver function in Holstein dairy cows, both pre- and post-partum.

scholarly journals O CLOPROSTENOL E O HORMÔNIO LIBERADOR DE GONADOTROFINAS NA PERFORMANCE REPRODUTIVA DE VACAS LEITEIRAS APÓS O PUERPÉRIO

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIZ ERNANDES KOZICKI ◽  
ROMILDO ROMUALDO WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

O propósito da presente pesquisa foi o de estudar a indução do estro após o período puerperal em vacas de leite Holstein. Um grupo de 50 vacas da raça Holstein, oriundas da região de Curitiba, foi utilizado neste experimento. Para tanto, esses animais foram divididos em três grupos. No 50o dia após o parto, Cloprostenol, Gonadorelina = GnRH = e soro fisiológico foram administrados por injeção intramuscular na seguinte ordem: ao grupo 1 (n = 24), 0.5 mgde Cloprostenol, ao grupo 2 (n = 14), 250 g de GnRH, e ao grupo 3 (n = 12) - grupo controle - 5 ml de soro fisiológico. Palpação retal foi levada a efeito em todos os animais no 42o/ 43o, no 50o = dia da administração das substãncias em estudo = e no 57o e no 64o dias post partum, a fim de conhecer as condições do útero e das funções ovarianas. Verificou-se que o Cloprostenol induz o estro more rapidamente do que o GnRH ou o placebo (p < 0.01). O índice de prenhez após a primeira e a segunda inseminações artificiais, quando sob a ação do Cloprostenol (84.5%) foi superior àquele que ocorreu com o GnRH (75%) ou com o placebo (67%), neste caso no grupo controle. O intervalo parto/prenhez no grupo do Cloprostenol foi menor (89 dias) doque no caso do GnRH (127.1 dias) ou do grupo controle (108.8 days). O número de animais que não responderam aos diferentes tratamentos foi menor no caso do grupo do Cloprostenol. Por outro lado o tratamento com GnRH mostrou-se mais eficiente (p < 0.05) do que o grupo controle com respeito à indução ao estro (18.6 e 43.5 dias, respectivamente). Os grupos do GnRH e do Cloprostenol revelaram índices maiores de estro silencioso (33.3 e 28.5%, respectivamente), diferente do que ocorreu com o grupo controle (16.6 %) (p < 0.05). Abstract The purpose of the present research work was to study estrus’ induction after the puerperal period in Holstein dairy cows. A herd of 50 Holstein dairy cows from the Curitiba’s region were used in this experiment. They were divided in three groups. At the 50th day post partum, Cloprostenol, Gonadorelin = GnRH = and saline solution were administered by intramuscular injection to group 1 (n = 24), 0.5 mg of Cloprostenol, to group 2 (n = 14), 250 g of GnRH, and to group 3 (n = 12), 5 ml of saline as placebo. Rectal palpation was performed in all animals on the 42/43rd, the 50th = the day of the intramuscular injection = and on the 57th and 64th day post partum, in order to know the uterus condition and the ovary’s functions. It has been found that Cloprostenol induces cow’s estrus more quickly than GnRH or the placebo (p < 0.01). The rate of pregnancy after the 1st and the 2nd artificial insemination, under Cloprostenol effect (84.5%) was greater than under GnRH (75%) or the placebo (67%) at the control group. The parturition/pregnancy interval in the Cloprostenol group was smaller (89 days) than in the GnRH (127.1 days) or in the control (108.8 days) groups. The number of animals that did not respond to the treatment was smaller in the Cloprostenol group. On the other hand, the GnRH group was more efficient (p < 0.05) than the control group on the estrus’ induction (18.6 versus 43.5 days, respectively). The GnRH and the Cloprostenol groups displayed higher rates of silent estrus (33.3 and 28.5%, respectively) than the control group (16.6 %) (p < 0.05).

The Effect of Lactation on Post-Partum Uterine Involution in Holstein Dairy Cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Scully ◽  
V Maillo ◽  
P Duffy ◽  
AK Kelly ◽  
MA Crowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Relation between intravascular electrolyte level and course of parturition in dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seyrek-Intas ◽  
K. Failing ◽  
G. Yilmazbas Mecitoglu ◽  
H. Bostedt ◽  
D. Seyrek-Intas
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
P Values ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Electrolyte Homeostasis ◽  
Convalescence Phase

Summary Objective: To determine the intravascular electrolyte status in dairy cows with respect to age and different courses of parturition to clarify etiological factors influencing peri- or intrapartal imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis. Material and methods: A total of 64 cows at birth were evaluated (primiparous n = 34, pluriparous n = 30). Thirty-three cows showed normal delivery, while 31 cows had a complicated birth. Blood samples were collected intra partum (i. p.) and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24 h post partum (p. p.) as well as [2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 days p. p. and levels of total calcium (Catotal), ionized calcium (Caion), inorganic phosphate (Pa), Mg, Na, K, Cl were determined. Results: The results revealed that electrolytes show great fluctuation during and immediately p. p. in relation to age. Already during parturition pluriparous cows had a lower Catotal and Pa concentration compared to primiparous animals. Cows with dystocia exhibited a more intensive and longer lasting decrease of Ca compared to cows with normal birth. In relation to age and severity of birth Pa concentration showed a differing but basically typical course for this electrolyte. Mg, Na, K and Cl concentrations were higher during and immediately after birth compared to p. p. values. Until day 10 p. p. these electrolyte concentrations declined more in older cows with dystocia compared to younger animals. However, the influence of dystocia on concentration of these electrolytes was milder in contrast to Ca and Pa. Conclusions: In summary, primarily older cows are predisposed to imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis intra partum and at the beginning of the lactation. These changes are potentiated in case of complications during parturition. Intravascular Catotal, Caion as well as Pa are most severely affected. Clinical relevance: These results may constitute the basis for a comprehensive metaphylaxis during the peripartal period, especially in cows after dystocia, to positively influence the early convalescence phase.

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