scholarly journals Evaluation of normal fetal pulmonary veins from the early second trimester by enhanced-flow (e-flow) echocardiography

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.-Q. Dong ◽  
Y.-H. Zhang ◽  
Z.-A. Li ◽  
Z.-Z. Hou ◽  
X.-J. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Second Trimester

scholarly journals Clinical scope of early fetal echocardiography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Carolina Romero Infante ◽  
Arturo Montaño Mendoza ◽  
Diana Sarmiento ◽  
María Uriel Calvo ◽  
José De la Hoz Valle
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Fetal Echocardiography ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Congenital Heart Malformations ◽  
Cardiac Evaluation

The chances of detecting congenital heart disease are improved following structured protocols. Fetal heart disease is one of the main serious congenital malformations. The objective of this review is to present the benefits of sequential and routine cardiac evaluation in the first and early second trimesters and to identify the structures and pathologies that can be detected at this gestational age. The databases of PubMed, Medline, MD consult, Embase, Clinical Key, Scielo, and ScienceDirect, as well as specialized texts in Spanish and English were searched for diagnostic studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis related to the terms “early fetal echocardiography” and “congenital heart malformations” published between 2000 and 2019. Technological advances have revolutionized the fetal echocardiographic examination making possible the diagnosis of congenital heart disease from the first and early second trimester of pregnancy. However, it should be recognized that early fetal echocardiography has limitations such as the evaluation of pulmonary veins and cardiac lesions that are progressive. The benefit found was earlier detection of pathologies with high sensitivity and specificity. A fetal cardiac evaluation sequence was included in these early fetal echocardiographic examinations due to the awareness of fetal anatomical and hemodynamic differences in the first trimester and the beginning of the second trimester. Early fetal echocardiography is a very useful tool for the detection of congenital heart disease; it allows parents to be informed about the prognosis and possible treatments early. Fetal cardiac examination in the first trimester is safe and can detect the most of heart congenital malformation.

Molecular and Microscopic Analysis of Altered Gene Expression in Transgenic and Gene Targeted Mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
W. K. Jones ◽  
J. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mouse Tissue ◽  
Adult Heart ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Altered Gene Expression ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Pulmonary Myocardium

Two myosin heavy chains (MyHC) are expressed in the mammalian heart and are differentially regulated during development. In the mouse, the α-MyHC is expressed constitutively in the atrium. At birth, the β-MyHC is downregulated and replaced by the α-MyHC, which is the sole cardiac MyHC isoform in the adult heart. We have employed transgenic and gene-targeting methodologies to study the regulation of cardiac MyHC gene expression and the functional and developmental consequences of altered α-MyHC expression in the mouse.We previously characterized an α-MyHC promoter capable of driving tissue-specific and developmentally correct expression of a CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) marker in the mouse. Tissue surveys detected a small amount of CAT activity in the lung (Fig. 1a). The results of in situ hybridization analyses indicated that the pattern of CAT transcript in the adult heart (Fig. 1b, top panel) is the same as that of α-MyHC (Fig. 1b, lower panel). The α-MyHC gene is expressed in a layer of cardiac muscle (pulmonary myocardium) associated with the pulmonary veins (Fig. 1c). These studies extend our understanding of α-MyHC expression and delimit a third cardiac compartment.

Abstract #809: Spontaneous Pituitary Apoplexy in the Second Trimester Associated with Sensory Loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Rtika Abraham ◽  
Rachel Pollitzer ◽  
Murat Gokden ◽  
Peter Goulden
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Second Trimester
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