scholarly journals Differences in cardiac geometry in relation to body size among neonates with abnormal prenatal growth and body size at birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-871
Author(s):  
R. F. W. Olander ◽  
J. K. M. Sundholm ◽  
T. H. Ojala ◽  
S. Andersson ◽  
T. Sarkola
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Cardiac Geometry ◽  
Size At Birth

Restricted fetal growth and the response to dietary cholesterol in the guinea pig

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. R1675-R1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Kind ◽  
Peter M. Clifton ◽  
Arkadi I. Katsman ◽  
Maria Tsiounis ◽  
Jeffrey S. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Size At Birth

Epidemiological studies suggest that retarded growth before birth is associated with increased plasma total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations in adult life. Thus perturbations of prenatal growth may permanently alter cholesterol metabolism. To determine directly whether restriction of prenatal nutrition and growth alters postnatal cholesterol homeostasis, the plasma cholesterol response to cholesterol feeding (0.25% cholesterol) was examined in adult guinea pig offspring of ad libitum-fed or moderately undernourished mothers. Maternal undernutrition (85% ad libitum intake throughout pregnancy) reduced birth weight (−13%). Plasma total cholesterol was higher prior to and following 6 wk cholesterol feeding in male offspring of undernourished mothers compared with male offspring of ad libitum-fed mothers ( P< 0.05). The influence of birth weight on cholesterol metabolism was examined by dividing the offspring into those whose birth weight was above (high) or below (low) the median birth weight. Plasma total cholesterol concentrations prior to cholesterol feeding did not differ with size at birth, but plasma total and LDL cholesterol were 31 and 34% higher, respectively, following cholesterol feeding in low- compared with high-birth weight males ( P < 0.02). The response to cholesterol feeding in female offspring was not altered by variable maternal nutrition or size at birth. Covariate analysis showed that the effect of maternal undernutrition on adult cholesterol metabolism could be partly accounted for by alterations in prenatal growth. In conclusion, maternal undernutrition and small size at birth permanently alter postnatal cholesterol homeostasis in the male guinea pig.

scholarly journals The effect of different types of stressors during mid- and late pregnancy on lamb weight and body size at birth

animal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2065-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Corner ◽  
P.R. Kenyon ◽  
K.J. Stafford ◽  
D.M. West ◽  
M.H. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Size At Birth

scholarly journals Spontaneous Hypothyroidism in Adult Women Is Predicted by Small Body Size at Birth and during Childhood

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 4953-4956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero Kajantie ◽  
David I. W. Phillips ◽  
Clive Osmond ◽  
David J. P. Barker ◽  
Tom Forsén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Small Body Size ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
Size At Birth

Abstract Background: The relationships of early growth with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes have received considerable attention. It is not known whether fetal or childhood growth is linked with autoimmune disorders. Objective: Our objective was to assess whether the risk of adult-onset spontaneous hypothyroidism is predicted by body size at birth and during childhood. Design and Setting: We conducted a birth cohort study in Helsinki, Finland. Participants: A total of 293 women who were born between 1934 and 1944 and had their heights and weights recorded at birth and during childhood participated in the study. Measurements: We measured spontaneous hypothyroidism, defined as: 1) a disease history confirmed from medical records, or 2) previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism (TSH &gt; 10 mU/liter). Results: Twenty women (6.8%) had spontaneous hypothyroidism; 18 had been diagnosed previously, between 43 and 65 yr of age, and two had undiagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism. In addition, 59 women were thyroid peroxidase antibody positive. Compared with the 214 thyroid peroxidase antibody-negative women with no thyroid disorder, those with spontaneous hypothyroidism had on average 252 g [95% confidence interval (CI), 61 to 443 g; P = 0.01] lower birth weight and 1.2 cm (95% CI, 0.5 to 2.0 cm; P = 0.002) shorter length at birth. The odds of developing hypothyroidism increased 4.4-fold per kilogram decrease in birth weight (95% CI, 1.4 to 14.1). Hypothyroid subjects had been shorter in early childhood and had lower body mass index during later childhood. Conclusions: Small body size at birth and during childhood increases the risk of spontaneous hypothyroidism in adult women.

scholarly journals Body size at birth and blood pressure among children in developing countries

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Law ◽  
P Egger ◽  
O Dada ◽  
H Delgado ◽  
E Kylberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Size At Birth

Male and female pups of the highly sexually dimorphic northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) differ slightly in body size

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
E. Salogni ◽  
F. Galimberti ◽  
S. Sanvito ◽  
E.H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Elephant Seal ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Mirounga Angustirostris ◽  
Northern Elephant Seal ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Size At Birth

In mammals, males generally are larger than females, though such sexual-size differences have been documented primarily in adults and are relatively poorly known in early life. We studied sexual-size differences in pups of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris (Gill, 1866)), which in adulthood is one of the most sexually dimorphic mammals. We studied body size at birth and weaning, at Islas San Benito, Mexico, at the southernmost limit of the species’ breeding range. Males were 10% heavier and 2% longer than females at birth. Sexes did not differ significantly in either measure of body size at weaning, although males were slightly heavier (4%) and longer (1%) than females. Neither growth rate nor suckling duration differed between the sexes. In previous studies in California, USA, pups at weaning were heavier than in our study, and males were heavier than females. These differences may reflect ecological, temporal, or life-history differences across populations. The modest difference in sexual-size dimorphism early in life in this species compared with the great difference in adulthood likely reflects multiple selective forces, including constraints on neonatal size set by body size of females, and the weakness of sexual selection at that stage of life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document