scholarly journals OC18.01: Measurement of pulmonary vascular volume using virtual reality three-dimensional ultrasound in fetus with an increased risk of chronic lung disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (S1) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
N. Peters ◽  
A. Eggink ◽  
A.H. Koning ◽  
D. Tibboel ◽  
E. A. Steegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract 299: Association of Chronic Lung Disease with Treatments and Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Results from the NCDR®

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R Enriquez ◽  
James A de Lemos ◽  
Ramin Farzaneh-Far ◽  
Anand Rohatgi ◽  
S. A Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Processes Of Care ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background: Previous reports are conflicting regarding outcomes, treatments, and processes of care after acute myocardial infarction (MI) for patients with chronic lung disease (CLD). Methods: Using the NCDR ACTION Registry ® -GWTG ™ (AR-G), demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, processes of care, and in-hospital adverse events after NSTEMI and STEMI were compared between patients with (n= 22,624; 14.2%) and without (n= 136,266; 85.8%) CLD. CLD was defined by a history of COPD, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. Multivariable adjustment using published AR-G in-hospital mortality and major bleeding risk adjustment models was performed to quantify the impact of CLD on treatments and outcomes. Results: CLD was present in 10.1% of STEMI patients and 17.0% of NSTEMI patients. In both STEMI and NSTEMI, CLD patients were older, more likely to be female, and had more comorbidities including diabetes, renal disease, prior MI and heart failure, compared to those without CLD. Although on admission CLD patients were more likely to be on cardiovascular medications, by discharge slightly fewer CLD patients received composite core measures (aspirin, beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors, and statins) (table). In NSTEMI, CLD was also associated with less use of invasive procedures and with increased risk of both death and major bleeding. In STEMI, major bleeding but not mortality was increased. Conclusions: CLD is a common comorbidity and is independently associated with an increased risk for major bleeding after MI. In NSTEMI, CLD is also associated with receiving fewer evidence-based medications, less timely angiography and revascularization, and increased in-hospital mortality. Close attention should be given to this high-risk subgroup for the prevention and management of bleeding complications after MI, and further investigation is needed to determine the reasons for treatment and outcome disparities in NSTEMI.

scholarly journals 2318. Prevalence of Influenza-like Illness in Sheltered Homeless Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in Seattle, WA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S795-S795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia H Rogers ◽  
Elisabeth Brandstetter ◽  
Caitlin Wolf ◽  
Jennifer Logue ◽  
Ashley E Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Individuals experiencing homelessness are at an increased risk of respiratory illness due to high prevalence of underlying chronic conditions, inadequate ventilation and crowding in shelters, and difficulty accessing health services. Few studies have investigated the prevalence and transmission of viral respiratory infections within shelters. We sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors for influenza-like illness (ILI) at two homeless shelters in Seattle, WA. Methods Between January and April 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study of adults experiencing homelessness who identified their primary residence as one of the two shelters in Seattle. Participants voluntarily enrolled if they self-reported at least two symptoms of acute respiratory illness in the past week. Demographic, clinical, and behavioral data were ascertained via questionnaire, and a mid-nasal swab was collected. ILI was defined as fever with cough or sore throat. Chronic lung disease was defined as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and/or chronic bronchitis. Results Among the 480 participants enrolled in the study, 204 (42.5%) reported ILI symptoms. Of those enrolled, 144 (30.0%) had chronic lung disease. The prevalence of ILI was higher among individuals with chronic lung disease (53.5% vs. 42.5%, P = 0.001). A total of 422 (87.9%) had health insurance; the prevalence of ILI was lower among those with health insurance (42.4% vs. 57.8%, P = 0.66). 216 (45.0%) of participants received flu vaccine; the prevalence of ILI was similar among those who received the vaccine than those that did not (42.6% vs. 42.4%, P = 1.00). 129 (30.6%) of those with health insurance sought care for their reported symptoms; ILI was more prevalent in those that sought care than those that did not throughout the observation period (33.8% vs. 21.7%, P = 0.002). Of those with ILI that sought care, 46 (54.8%, P = 0.42) received antivirals or antibiotics. Laboratory results for the corresponding mid-nasal swabs are pending. Conclusion A large proportion of our study population self-reported ILI and chronic lung disease. Despite high insurance coverage, a low proportion of homeless enrolled sought care for their symptoms or received treatment. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Using Cell-Based Strategies to Break the Link between Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and the Development of Chronic Lung Disease in Later Life

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan O'Reilly ◽  
Bernard Thébaud
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Extreme Prematurity ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lung Dysfunction

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the chronic lung disease of prematurity that affects very preterm infants. Although advances in perinatal care have changed the course of lung injury and enabled the survival of infants born as early as 23-24 weeks of gestation, BPD still remains a common complication of extreme prematurity, and there is no specific treatment for it. Furthermore, children, adolescents, and adults who were born very preterm and developed BPD have an increased risk of persistent lung dysfunction, including early-onset emphysema. Therefore, it is possible that early-life pulmonary insults, such as extreme prematurity and BPD, may increase the risk of COPD later in life, especially if exposed to secondary challenges such as respiratory infections and/or smoking. Recent advances in our understanding of stem/progenitor cells and their potential to repair damaged organs offer the possibility of cell-based treatments for neonatal and adult lung injuries. This paper summarizes the long-term pulmonary outcomes of preterm birth and BPD and discusses the recent advances of cell-based therapies for lung diseases, with a particular focus on BPD and COPD.

scholarly journals Pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease and hypoxia

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1801914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Nathan ◽  
Joan A. Barbera ◽  
Sean P. Gaine ◽  
Sergio Harari ◽  
Fernando J. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Current State ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Oxygen Requirements ◽  
Impaired Quality

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently complicates the course of patients with various forms of chronic lung disease (CLD). CLD-associated PH (CLD-PH) is invariably associated with reduced functional ability, impaired quality of life, greater oxygen requirements and an increased risk of mortality. The aetiology of CLD-PH is complex and multifactorial, with differences in the pathogenic sequelae between the diverse forms of CLD. Haemodynamic evaluation of PH severity should be contextualised within the extent of the underlying lung disease, which is best gauged through a combination of physiological and imaging assessment. Who, when, if and how to screen for PH will be addressed in this article, as will the current state of knowledge with regard to the role of treatment with pulmonary vasoactive agents. Although such therapy cannot be endorsed given the current state of findings, future studies in this area are strongly encouraged.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of pneumonia in young children

Pneumonia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Grimwood ◽  
Anne B Chang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Increased Risk

<p class="p1">Each year an estimated 120 million episodes of pneumonia occur in children younger than 5 years of age, resulting in one million deaths globally. Within this age group the lungs are still developing by increasing alveoli numbers and airway dimensions. Pneumonia during this critical developmental period may therefore adversely affect the lung’s structure and function, with increased risk of subsequent chronic lung disease. However, there are few longitudinal studies of pneumonia in otherwise healthy children that extend into adulthood to help address this important question. Birth cohort, longitudinal, case-control and retrospective studies have reported restrictive and obstructive lung function deficits, asthma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In particular, severe hospitalised pneumonia had the greatest risk for long-term sequelae. Most studies, however, were limited by incomplete follow-up, some reliance upon parental recall, risk of diagnostic misclassification, and potential confounders such as nutrition, social deprivation, and pre-existing small airways or lungs. More long-term studies measuring lung function shortly after birth are needed to help disentangle the complex relationships between pneumonia and later chronic lung disease, while also addressing host responses, types of infection, and potential confounding variables. Meanwhile, parents of young children with pneumonia need to be advised about the importance of symptom resolution, post-pneumonia. In addition, paying attention to factors associated with optimising lung growth such as good nutrition, minimising exposure to air pollution, avoiding cigarette smoke, and decreasing the risk of preventable infections through good hygiene and having their children fully vaccinated should be emphasised. Finally, in the developing world and for disadvantaged communities in developed countries, public health policies leading to good quality housing and heating, hygiene, education, and improving socio-economic status are also essential.</p>

Pulmonary Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 166-189
Author(s):  
Sachelle Ruickbie ◽  
Charles Sharp ◽  
James W. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 40 million people currently live with dementia and that this number will increase to 80 million during the next 20 year. It is therefore a global priority to identify any modifiable or treatable risk factors for the disease. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with a 5–10 percent annual conversion rate to dementia but is also considered a potentially reversible state. There is a maturing body of evidence indicating that impaired lung function and chronic lung disease are independent determinants of cognitive impairment in the elderly, including MCI, suggesting not just an association but also a possible causal relationship. People living with lung disease may well be at increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and brain pathology. Researchers face a number of complexities in studying this association. These might be usefully summarized in three ways: understanding the impact of shared etiology for both respiratory disease and cognitive impairment, understanding the relative contribution of factors more prevalent in both cognitive impairment and lung disease, and identifying effects specific to chronic lung disease. This chapter considers the evidence of cognitive dysfunction among the major pulmonary disorders and the relative contribution of shared and disease-specific factors. It also considers how recent advances in neuroimaging may provide insight into the mechanisms at play and therefore direct future therapeutic targets. Finally, it considers management strategies to reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in chronic lung disease and defines areas for future research.

scholarly journals OP21.01: Early pregnancy placental bed and foetal vascular volume measurements using three dimensional virtual reality

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
A. Reus ◽  
J. Aa van der ◽  
M. S. Rifouna ◽  
A. H. Koning ◽  
N. Exalto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Volume Measurements
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