scholarly journals Residual defects of the external anal sphincter following primary repair: an observational study using transperineal ultrasound

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Shek ◽  
R. Guzman-Rojas ◽  
H. P. Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
External Anal Sphincter ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Transperineal Ultrasound

The evolution of transperineal ultrasound findings of the external anal sphincter during the first years after childbirth

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1899-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Lai Shek ◽  
Vincent Della Zazzera ◽  
Ixora Kamisan Atan ◽  
Rodrigo Guzman Rojas ◽  
Susanne Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
External Anal Sphincter ◽  
Transperineal Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Findings

Anatomical feasibility of peripheral nerve transfer to reestablish external anal sphincter control – cadaveric study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Povedano ◽  
Rosana Siqueira Brown ◽  
Daniel A. N. Barbosa ◽  
Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli ◽  
Fernando Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
External Anal Sphincter ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Cadaveric Study

scholarly journals Intraoperative monitoring for tethered cord surgery: an update

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl F. Kothbauer ◽  
Klaus Novak
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
External Anal Sphincter ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Tethered Cord ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Functional Integrity ◽  
Muscle Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Object Intraoperative neurophysiological recording techniques have found increasing use in neurosurgical practice. The development of new recording techniques feasible while the patient receives a general anesthetic have improved their practical use in a similar way to the use of digital recording, documentation, and video technology. This review intends to provide an update on the techniques used and their validity. Methods Two principal methods are used for intraoperative neurophysiological testing during tethered cord release. Mapping identifies functional neural structures, namely nerve roots, and monitoring provides continuous information on the functional integrity of motor and sensory pathways as well as reflex circuitry. Mapping is performed mostly by using direct electrical stimulation of a structure within the surgical field and recording at a distant site, usually a muscle. Sensory mapping can also be performed with peripheral stimulation and recording within the surgical site. Monitoring of the motor system is achieved with motor evoked potentials. These are evoked by transcranial electrical stimulation and recorded from limb muscles and the external anal sphincter. The presence or absence of muscle responses are the parameters monitored. Sensory potentials evoked by tibial or pudendal nerve stimulation and recorded from the dorsal columns via an epidurally inserted electrode and/or from the scalp as cortical responses are used to access the integrity of sensory pathways. Amplitudes and latencies of these responses are then interpreted. The bulbocavernosus reflex, with stimulation of the pudendal nerve and recording of muscle responses in the external anal sphincter, is used for continuous monitoring of the reflex circuitry. Presence or absence of this response is the pertinent parameter that is monitored. Conclusions Intraoperative neurophysiology provides a wide and reliable set of techniques for intraoperative identification of neural structures and continuous monitoring of their functional integrity.

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