scholarly journals Moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise improves skeletal muscle quality in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille R. Brightwell ◽  
Melissa M. Markofski ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Christopher S. Fry ◽  
Craig Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Moderate Intensity

scholarly journals Cognitive Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
David M. Vock ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Dereck Salisbury ◽  
Nathaniel W. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Aerobic exercise has shown inconsistent cognitive effects in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Objective: To examine the immediate and longitudinal effects of 6-month cycling on cognition in older adults with AD dementia. Methods: This randomized controlled trial randomized 96 participants (64 to cycling and 32 to stretching for six months) and followed them for another six months. The intervention was supervised, moderate-intensity cycling for 20–50 minutes, 3 times a week for six months. The control was light-intensity stretching. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using the AD Assessment Scale-Cognition (ADAS-Cog). Discrete cognitive domains were measured using the AD Uniform Data Set battery. Results: The participants were 77.4±6.8 years old with 15.6±2.9 years of education, and 55%were male. The 6-month change in ADAS-Cog was 1.0±4.6 (cycling) and 0.1±4.1 (stretching), which were both significantly less than the natural 3.2±6.3-point increase observed naturally with disease progression. The 12-month change was 2.4±5.2 (cycling) and 2.2±5.7 (control). ADAS-Cog did not differ between groups at 6 (p = 0.386) and 12 months (p = 0.856). There were no differences in the 12-month rate of change in ADAS-Cog (0.192 versus 0.197, p = 0.967), memory (–0.012 versus –0.019, p = 0.373), executive function (–0.020 versus –0.012, p = 0.383), attention (–0.035 versus –0.033, p = 0.908), or language (–0.028 versus –0.026, p = 0.756). Conclusion: Exercise may reduce decline in global cognition in older adults with mild-to-moderate AD dementia. Aerobic exercise did not show superior cognitive effects to stretching in our pilot trial, possibly due to the lack of power.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise + weight loss decreases skeletal muscle myostatin expression and improves insulin sensitivity in older adults

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1350-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Ryan ◽  
G. Li ◽  
J.B. Blumenthal ◽  
H.K. Ortmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise

scholarly journals EXERCISE ACUTELY IMPROVES COGNITION IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLE OF AROUSAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S836-S836
Author(s):  
Pearl N Cummins ◽  
James Kent ◽  
Timothy Weng ◽  
Vincent Magnottta ◽  
Gary Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Back Task

Abstract Previous researchers have reported that aerobic exercise improves cognition in older adults; however, few researchers have examined the role of arousal on improvements in cognition after exercise. The purpose of this study was to understand how changes in arousal acutely affect changes in cognitive performance after a single session of light compared to moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Cognitively normal older adults (N = 34) were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial where they were asked to complete the N-back task with faces, a cognitive task used to test working memory, in an fMRI scanner. On separate days, the task was completed before and 15 to 20 minutes after light and moderate intensity exercise. An intervention was also completed, but our question focuses on the acute effects of exercise rather than training. Arousal was measured before and after exercise through a questionnaire and a direct measure of physiological activation of the sympathetic nervous system with galvanic skin response (GSR). On average, resting GSRs decreased from pre- to post-exercise scan; however, the change was not statistically significant. The decrease in arousal after light exercise indicated that older adults had decreased sympathetic activity after both light and moderate intensity exercise. By contrast, N-back task performance improved most after moderate compared to light intensity exercise. Together, evidence that sympathetic activity tended to decrease generally for both intensities, whereas cognitive improvements were more specific, suggests that changes in arousal at rest were not a critical factor connecting exercise and improved working memory in this study.

Prolonged moderate-intensity aerobic exercise does not alter apoptotic signaling and DNA fragmentation in human skeletal muscle

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (3) ◽  
pp. E534-E547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Quadrilatero ◽  
Eric Bombardier ◽  
Sarah M. Norris ◽  
Jason L. Talanian ◽  
Matthew S. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Apoptotic Signaling ◽  
Protein Levels

Apoptosis in skeletal muscle plays an important role in age- and disease-related tissue dysfunction. Physical activity can influence apoptotic signaling; however, this process has not been well studied in human skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of apoptosis-related proteins/enzymes, DNA fragmentation, and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of humans during an acute bout of prolonged moderate-intensity exercise. Eight healthy, recreationally active individuals (age 20.8 ± 0.5 yr, V̇o2peak 51.2 ± 0.9 ml · kg−1 · min−1, BMI 21.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2) exercised on a cycle ergometer at ∼60% V̇o2peak for 2 h. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest as well as at 60 and 120 min of exercise. Although exercise was associated with a significant whole body and muscle metabolic response, there were no significant changes in the content of antiapoptotic (ARC, Bcl-2, Hsp70, XIAP) and proapoptotic (AIF, Bax, Smac) proteins, activity of proteolytic enzymes (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9), DNA fragmentation, or TUNEL-positive nuclei in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the protein levels of several antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CuZnSOD, MnSOD), concentrations of GSH and GSSG, and degree of ROS generation in skeletal muscle were not altered by exercise. Fiber type-specific analysis also revealed that ARC ( P < 0.001) and Hsp70 ( P < 0.05) protein were significantly higher in type I compared with type IIA and type IIAX/X fibers; however, protein levels were not affected by exercise. These findings suggest that a single bout of prolonged moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is not sufficient to alter apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle of healthy humans.

scholarly journals Moderate-intensity resistance exercise alters skeletal muscle molecular and cellular structure and function in inactive older adults with knee osteoarthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Miller ◽  
Damien M. Callahan ◽  
Timothy W. Tourville ◽  
James R. Slauterbeck ◽  
Anna Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Function

High-intensity resistance exercise (REX) training increases physical capacity, in part, by improving muscle cell size and function. Moderate-intensity REX, which is more feasible for many older adults with disease and/or disability, also increases physical function, but the mechanisms underlying such improvements are not understood. Therefore, we measured skeletal muscle structure and function from the molecular to the tissue level in response to 14 wk of moderate-intensity REX in physically inactive older adults with knee osteoarthritis ( n = 17; 70 ± 1 yr). Although REX training increased quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), average single-fiber CSA was unchanged because of reciprocal changes in myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and IIA fibers. Intermyofibrillar mitochondrial content increased with training because of increases in mitochondrial size in men, but not women, with no changes in subsarcolemmal mitochondria in either sex. REX increased whole muscle contractile performance similarly in men and women. In contrast, adaptations in single-muscle fiber force production per CSA (i.e., tension) and contractile velocity varied between men and women in a fiber type-dependent manner, with adaptations being explained at the molecular level by differential changes in myosin-actin cross-bridge kinetics and mechanics and single-fiber MHC protein expression. Our results are notable compared with studies of high-intensity REX because they show that the effects of moderate-intensity REX in older adults on muscle fiber size/structure and myofilament function are absent or modest. Moreover, our data highlight unique sex-specific adaptations due to differential cellular and subcellular structural and functional changes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Moderate-intensity resistance training causes sex-specific adaptations in skeletal muscle structure and function at the cellular and molecular levels in inactive older adult men and women with knee osteoarthritis. However, these responses were minimal compared with high-intensity resistance training. Thus adjuncts to moderate-intensity training need to be developed to correct underlying cellular and molecular structural and functional deficits that are at the root of impaired physical function in this mobility-limited population.

scholarly journals Efficacy of simultaneous aerobic exercise and cognitive training in subjective cognitive decline: study protocol for randomized controlled trial of the Exergames Study

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereck Salisbury ◽  
Tom Plocher ◽  
Fang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an early manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and offers a therapeutic window where interventions have strong potential to prevent or delay the progression of AD. Aerobic exercise and cognitive training represent two promising interventions for AD prevention, but their synergistic effect has yet to be assessed in persons with SCD. Methods/design The purpose of this single-blinded, 3-parallel group randomized controlled trial is to test the synergistic efficacy of an exergame intervention (simultaneous moderate-intensity aerobic cycling and cognitive training) on cognition and aerobic fitness in community-dwelling older adults with SCD. The Exergames Study will randomize 96 participants on a 2:1:1 allocation ratio to 3-month exergame, cycling only, or attention control (stretching). Primary outcomes include global cognition and aerobic fitness, which will be assessed at baseline and after 3 months. The specific aims of the Exergames Study are to (1) determine the efficacy of the exergame in older adults with SCD and (2) assess the distraction effect of exergame on aerobic fitness. Data will be analyzed using ANOVA following intention-to-treat. Discussion This study will test the synergistic effects of exergame on cognition and aerobic fitness. It has the potential to advance prevention research for AD by providing effect-size estimates for future trials. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04311736. Registered on 17 March 2020.

scholarly journals Total Transcriptome Responses to Low and Higher Intensity Aerobic Exercise Interventions in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 688-688
Author(s):  
Meghan Smith ◽  
Gabriella McWilliams ◽  
Angela Bryan ◽  
Douglas Seals ◽  
Thomas LaRocca
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Low Intensity

Abstract Aerobic exercise is a universally recommended strategy for increasing healthspan, and recent advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics (e.g., RNA-seq/transcriptomics) have made it possible to broadly profile the molecular transducers of exercise. However, most transcriptome studies of exercise have focused on coding genes only, and the transcriptomic response to different exercise interventions has not been characterized by RNA-seq in older adults. Therefore, we performed total RNA-seq (to capture both coding and non-coding gene expression) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from healthy, previously sedentary older adults (males and females, aged 70 ± 1 years). Samples were collected before and after 16 weeks of either low-intensity continuous training (LICT, 50% maximum heart rate, 3 x 30 min/week) or moderate-intensity continuous training plus interval training (MICT+IT, 60-80% maximum heart rate, progressively increased to include IT, 3 x 30 min/week). We found that both interventions modified biological processes (transcriptome modules) related to oxygen transport and reduced inflammatory signaling/immune activation processes (more pronounced with LICT). Interestingly, transcriptome changes unique to LICT subjects included increased expression of genes linked with vascularization and endothelial cell migration, whereas MICT+IT was uniquely associated with a robust increase in antioxidant response gene expression. We also observed numerous changes in long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs that could be linked with these exercise-associated gene expression changes with both interventions. These data provide a first comprehensive look into transcriptomic changes associated with moderate vs. low intensity aerobic exercise in older adults, and they suggest distinct benefits of each exercise strategy.

Feasibility and Perception of the Impact From Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
Ruth M. Swartwood
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Background: The subjective experience of participating in aerobic exercise is unknown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the subjective perceptions of the feasibility and impact of a 6-month, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention by older adults with AD and their family caregivers. Methods: Ten older adults with AD who completed the intervention and their family caregivers participated in four focus group interviews. Results: Four converging themes were identified: “There was no perceived positive change in cognitive symptoms,” “The 6-month exercise program was socially rewarding,” “The 6-month exercise program increased physical strength,” and “Participation in aerobic exercise was a positive experience.” Family caregivers further identified two additional themes: “The exercise program led to improved attitude in older adults with AD” and “The exercise program reduced caregiver stress.” Discussion: Aerobic exercise is a feasible and well-perceived intervention for older adults with AD and their family caregivers.

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