scholarly journals Eye movements in frontotemporal dementia: Abnormalities of fixation, saccades and anti‐saccades

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy L. Russell ◽  
Caroline V. Greaves ◽  
Rhian S. Convery ◽  
Martina Bocchetta ◽  
Jason D. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Anti Saccades

How the Brain Moves the Eyes

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Shirley H. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

discusses the brain’s visual architecture for directing and controlling of eye movements:the striate, frontal and parietal cortical areas; and the eye movements themselves—saccades, smooth pursuit, and vergence. The susceptibility to disorders of these systems is illustrated in four detailed cases that follow disease progression from initial symptoms and signs to diagnosis and treatment. The case studies and video displays include a patient with Pick’s disease (frontotemporal dementia), another with Alzheimer’s dementia, and two examples of rare saccadic syndromes, one a patient with the slow saccade syndrome due to progressive supranuclear palsy and one with selective saccadic palsy following cardiac surgery.

scholarly journals Reflexive and Intentional Saccadic Eye Movements in Migraineurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipp M. Filippopulos ◽  
Christine Goeschy ◽  
Florian Schoeberl ◽  
Ozan E. Eren ◽  
Andreas Straube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Saccade Latency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Vector Inversion ◽  
Anti Saccades ◽  
Reflexive Saccades

Background: Migraine has been postulated to lead to structural and functional changes of different cortical and subcortical areas, including the frontal lobe, the brainstem, and cerebellum. The (sub-)clinical impact of these changes is a matter of debate. The spectrum of possible clinical differences include domains such as cognition but also coordination. The present study investigated the oculomotor performance of patients with migraine with and without aura compared to control subjects without migraine in reflexive saccades, but also in intentional saccades, which involve cerebellar as well as cortical networks.Methods: In 18 patients with migraine with aura and 21 patients with migraine without aura saccadic eye movements were recorded in two reflexive (gap, overlap) and two intentional (anti, memory) paradigms and compared to 25 controls without migraine.Results: The main finding of the study was an increase of saccade latency in patients with and without aura compared to the control group solely in the anti-task. No deficits were found in the execution of reflexive saccades.Conclusions: Our results suggest a specific deficit in the generation of correct anti-saccades, such as vector inversion. Such processes are considered to need cortical networks to be executed correctly. The parietal cortex has been suggested to be involved in vector inversion processes but is not commonly described to be altered in migraine patients. It could be discussed that the cerebellum, which is recently thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine, might be involved in distinct processes such as spatial re-mapping through known interconnections with parietal and frontal cortical areas.

scholarly journals Preservation of eye movements in Parkinson’s disease is stimulus and task specific

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolande Fooken ◽  
Pooja Patel ◽  
Christina B. Jones ◽  
Martin J. McKeown ◽  
Miriam Spering
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Moving Targets ◽  
Anti Saccades ◽  
Oculomotor Function ◽  
And Task

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that includes motor impairments such as tremor, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Although eye movement deficits are commonly found in saccade and pursuit tasks, preservation of oculomotor function has also been reported. Here we investigate specific task and stimulus conditions under which oculomotor function in PD is preserved. Sixteen PD patients and eighteen healthy, age-matched controls completed a battery of movement tasks that included stationary or moving targets eliciting reactive or deliberate eye movements: pro-saccades, anti-saccades, visually-guided pursuit, and rapid go/no-go manual interception. Compared to controls, patients demonstrated systematic impairments in tasks with stationary targets: pro-saccades were hypometric and anti-saccades were incorrectly initiated toward the cued target in about 35% of trials compared to 14% errors in controls. In patients, task errors were linked to short latency saccades, indicating abnormalities in inhibitory control. However, patients’ eye movements in response to dynamic targets were relatively preserved. PD patients were able to track and predict a disappearing moving target and make quick go/no-go decisions as accurately as controls. Patients’ interceptive hand movements were slower on average but initiated earlier, indicating adaptive processes to compensate for motor slowing. We conclude that PD patients demonstrate stimulus- and task-dependency of oculomotor impairments and propose that preservation of eye and hand movement function in PD is linked to a separate functional pathway through the SC-brainstem loop that bypasses the fronto-basal ganglia network.Significance StatementEye movements are a promising clinical tool to aid in the diagnosis of movement disorders and to monitor disease progression. Although Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients show some oculomotor abnormalities, it is not clear whether previously-described eye movement impairments are task specific. We assessed eye movements in PD under different visual (stationary vs. moving targets) and movement (reactive vs. deliberate) conditions. We demonstrate that PD patients are able to accurately track moving objects but make inaccurate eye movements towards stationary targets. The preservation of eye movements towards dynamic stimuli might enable patients to accurately act upon the predicted motion path of the moving target. These results can inform the development of tools for the rehabilitation or maintenance of functional performance.

scholarly journals Plastic Modification of Anti-Saccades: Adaptation of Saccadic Eye Movements Aimed at a Virtual Target

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 13489-13497 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy-Bencheton ◽  
L. Pisella ◽  
R. Salemme ◽  
C. Tilikete ◽  
D. Pelisson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Virtual Target ◽  
Anti Saccades ◽  
Plastic Modification

The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements during reading

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rayner ◽  
Gretchen Kambe ◽  
Susan A. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Editorial: Human motion perception, eye movements, and orientation in visual space

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Groner ◽  
Marina T. Groner ◽  
Kazuo Koga
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Human Motion

Eye Movements of Children and Adults While Reading Television Subtitles

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry d'Ydewalle ◽  
Wim De Bruycker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Attentional System

Abstract. Eye movements of children (Grade 5-6) and adults were monitored while they were watching a foreign language movie with either standard (foreign language soundtrack and native language subtitling) or reversed (foreign language subtitles and native language soundtrack) subtitling. With standard subtitling, reading behavior in the subtitle was observed, but there was a difference between one- and two-line subtitles. As two lines of text contain verbal information that cannot easily be inferred from the pictures on the screen, more regular reading occurred; a single text line is often redundant to the information in the picture, and accordingly less reading of one-line text was apparent. Reversed subtitling showed even more irregular reading patterns (e.g., more subtitles skipped, fewer fixations, longer latencies). No substantial age differences emerged, except that children took longer to shift attention to the subtitle at its onset, and showed longer fixations and shorter saccades in the text. On the whole, the results demonstrated the flexibility of the attentional system and its tuning to the several information sources available (image, soundtrack, and subtitles).

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