scholarly journals Identification and assessment of alleles in the promoter of the Cyc‐B gene that modulate levels of β‐carotene in ripe tomato fruit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb J. Orchard ◽  
Jessica L. Cooperstone ◽  
Elisabet Gas‐Pascual ◽  
Marcela C. Andrade ◽  
Gabriel Abud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ripe Tomato ◽  
Β Carotene

Expression of Lipoxygenase and Hydroperoxide Lyase Activities in Tomato Fruits

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akikazu Hatanaka ◽  
Tadahiko Kajiwara ◽  
Kenji Matsui ◽  
Akira Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Hydroperoxide Lyase ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ripe Tomato

The distribution (or locarization) of lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPO lyase) activities in ripening and ripe tomato fruits was investigated. The highest LOX activity existed between skin and outer flesh of tomato fruits. HPO lyase showed no tissue specificity. LOX specifically formed linoleic acid 9-E, Z-hydroperoxide (9-E, Z-HPO) from linoleic acid (LA), whereas HPO lyase specifically cleaved 13-Z, E-HPO. Although a low level (0.36 ± 0.069 nmol/g fr. wt.) of hexanal was detected in the intact tomato fruit, HPOs were not detected. When a tomato fruit was injured by cutting it into 8 fragments and incubated at 25 °C, hexanal increased to 1.642 nmol/g fr.wt. by 30 min. By homogenizing at pH 6.3, hexanal increased to 21.1 nmol/g fr.wt. during a 30 min incubation. UV irradiation of tomato fruits also increased the formation of hexanal. From these results, LOX and HPO lyase are considered to exist as latent forms and to begin the expression of the activity upon injury.

scholarly journals Reduced levels of NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase decrease the glutamate content of ripe tomato fruit but have no effect on green fruit or leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 3381-3389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Ferraro ◽  
Matilde D’Angelo ◽  
Ronan Sulpice ◽  
Mark Stitt ◽  
Estela M. Valle
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Ripe Tomato

LeMAN4 endo-β-mannanase from ripe tomato fruit can act as a mannan transglycosylase or hydrolase

Planta ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 224 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roswitha Schröder ◽  
Teresa F. Wegrzyn ◽  
Neelam N. Sharma ◽  
Ross G. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ripe Tomato

scholarly journals Movement of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 to Ripe Tomato Fruit Following Various Routes of Contamination

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Deering ◽  
Dan Jack ◽  
Robert Pruitt ◽  
Lisa Mauer
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Ripe Tomato

scholarly journals Fruit of Autumn Olive: A Rich Source of Lycopene

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1136-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid M. Fordham ◽  
Beverly A. Clevidence ◽  
Eugene R. Wiley ◽  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Elaeagnus Umbellata ◽  
Autumn Olive ◽  
Edible Fruit ◽  
Naturalized Plants ◽  
Yellow Pigmentation ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Fresh Tomato ◽  
Β Carotene

Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) has edible fruit with brilliant red or yellow pigmentation. An analysis of the pigment in fruit of five cultivars and six naturalized plants showed that the berries contain lycopene, α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein, phytoene, and phytofluene. The lycopene content per 100 g ranged from 15 to 54 mg in fresh fruit from the naturalized plants and from 17 to 48 mg in the four cultivars with red-pigmented fruit. A cultivar with yellow fruit had only 0.47 mg/100 g fresh fruit. In contrast, fresh tomato fruit, the major dietary source of lycopene, has a lycopene content per 100 g of ≈3 mg. This newly identified source of lycopene may provide an alternative to tomato as a dietary source of lycopene and related carotenoids.

scholarly journals Using Infrared Spectroscopy for Tracking and Estimating Antioxidant in Tomato Fruit Fractions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ayman Ibrahim ◽  
Hussin Daood ◽  
Zsuzsanna Bori ◽  
Lajos Helyes
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
Β Carotene

Infrared technology has brought a quantum leap in the specialization of non-destructive systems for internal quality inspection of agricultural and food products. Applying near-infrared spectroscopy technique (NIRs) for tracking and estimating some antioxidants such as (Lycopene, β-carotene, Phytoene and Phytofluenxe) in tomato fruit fractions (Exocarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp and Tomato pomace) with prediction model. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device showed the antioxidant concentrations values within tomato fractions. Where, the maximum and minimum values observed in the mesocarp and exocarp fractions. Also, tomato fractions color analysis confirmed these results. Meanwhile, mesocarp fraction within range dark red color with h°≈ 31.7°, due to increased lycopene concentration, whereas, exocarp fraction was 77.29° for h°, within yellow range. In addition to HPLC and color reference methods were consensus significantly with the different of spectral transformations by the regression of partial least square (PLS). NIR spectra and antioxidant in tomato fractions were taken to establish calibration models for tracking and estimating antioxidant in tomato fractions by using partial least squares (PLS) model. The obtained Coefficients of prediction model (R2p) were 0.95, 0.91, 0.93 and 0.94 for Lycopene, β-Carotene, Phytoene and Phytofluenxe respectively. The values of (RPD) ratio obtained from the standard deviation to the standard error of prediction and also (RER) obtained from the standard error range of prediction model were varied for different tomato fractions and antioxidant content, and found that the NIR model suitable not only for screening the different concentrations values of antioxidants for tomato fractions, but also suitable for most applications including quality assurance. 

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid Increases Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Concentrations in Leaves and Fruit of Two Tomato Genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Casey Barickman ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Fruit Tissue ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Β Carotene

One important regulator that coordinates response to environmental stress is the hormone abscisic acid (ABA), which is synthesized from xanthophyll pigments. Despite the fact that there is strong evidence of increases in ABA concentrations under various environmental stresses, information concerning the effects of exogenous ABA applications on leaf pigments and fruit carotenoids in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is lacking. This study investigated the impacts of root tissue ABA applications on tomato leaf and fruit pigmentation concentrations of ‘MicroTina’ and ‘MicroGold’ tomato plants. Tomato plants were treated with increasing concentrations of ABA in the nutrient solution. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine dose–response effects of ABA treatment in solution culture for maximum leaf pigmentation and fruit carotenoids in two distinct genotypes of dwarf tomato. Because ABA is a product of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, we hypothesized that applications of ABA treatments would have a positive impact on leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids. Applications of ABA treatments may also have a positive impact on tomato fruit carotenoids. The results indicated that ‘MicroTina’ plants treated with ABA (0.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg·L−1) had a significant increase in β-carotene [BC (P ≤ 0.001)], lutein [LUT (P ≤ 0.001)], zeaxanthin [ZEA (P ≤ 0.05)], and neoxanthin [NEO (P ≤ 0.001)] in the leaf tissue. In ‘MicroGold’ tomato plants, carotenoids responded similarly. For example, there were significant increases in BC (P ≤ 0.01), LUT (P ≤ 0.001), ZEA (P ≤ 0.05), and NEO (P ≤ 0.001). In ‘MicroTina’ tomato leaves, there were significant increases in chlorophyll a [Chl a (P ≤ 0.001)] and chlorophyll b [Chl b (P ≤ 0.001)] concentrations. Furthermore, there were significant increases in Chl a (P ≤ 0.001) and Chl b (P ≤ 0.001) in ‘MicroGold’ leaf tissue. In ‘MicroTina’ tomato fruit tissue, the concentration increased significantly for lycopene [LYCO (P ≤ 0.01)]. However, in ‘MicroGold’, there were no significant changes in BC and LUT concentrations. In addition, LYCO was found to be below detection limits in ‘MicroGold’ tomato fruit. Therefore, ABA has been shown to positively change tomato leaf pigments in both genotypes and fruit tissue carotenoid concentrations in ‘MicroTina’ tomato.

Residues of Nine Insecticides and Two Fungicides in Raw and Processed Tomatoes

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRANK ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
B. D. RIPLEY ◽  
R. PITBLADO
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Tomato Products ◽  
Ripe Tomato ◽  
Preharvest Interval

The objective of this study was to determine preharvest intervals for nine insecticides (acephate, azinphosmethyl, carbaryl, demeton, diazinon, dimethoate, endosulfan, malathion, and permethrin) and two fungicides (captafol and chlorothalonil) in order to produce raw tomato fruit and juice with residue levels below 0.1 and 0.01 mg kg−1, respectively. Over a four-year period (1985–88) ripe tomato fruit was commercially treated with these 11 pesticides and harvested on days 0, 1, 3 and 6, 7, or 8 after spraying. Both raw fruit and processed juice were then analyzed for residues. Residues of the 11 pesticides fell below 0.1 mg kg−1 in juice and eight declined below 0.1 mg kg−1 on raw fruit during the 0- to 8-d harvest period. The exceptions on raw fruit were chlorothalonil (1987), diazinon, and azinphosmethyl (1987). Residues of seven insecticides and the two fungicides fell below 0.01 mg kg−1 in juice, but only acephate and demeton declined below 0.1 mg kg−1 on raw fruit in the 6- to 8-d period. Carbaryl and malathion were the two insecticides which failed to decline below 0.01 mg kg−1 in the juice. Hence, many of the pesticides required a longer preharvest interval than 6–8 d to attain a reduction in residue to 0.01 mg kg−1. Commercially processed tomato products were also analyzed from domestically grown fruit, many of which had been treated with one or more of the pesticides in this study but at unknown intervals. Tomato products including chili, catsup, juice, paste, and sauce were analyzed for a wide range of pesticides and no detectable residues were found.

scholarly journals Effects of High Nutrient Solution EC and Its Application Timing on Lycopene, Soluble Sugars, and Chlorophyll Concentrations of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1108A-1108
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Chieri Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ripe Tomato

Manipulation of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the hydroponic nutrient solution has been studied as an effective method to enhance flavor and nutritional value of tomato fruit. The objective of this research was to quantitatively understand the accumulation of lycopene, soluble sugars, and the degradation of chlorophyll in fruits as affected by EC and EC application timing relative to fruit ripeness stages. `Durinta' tomato was grown hydroponically inside the greenhouse under two EC (2.3 and 4.5 dS·m-1). The high EC treatment began immediately after anthesis (HEC treatment) or 4 weeks later (DHEC treatment), when fruits had reached maximum size, but still were green. Fruits were harvested weekly beginning 2 weeks after anthesis, until they reached red ripe stage. The chlorophyll concentration in tomato fruits showed no difference between treatments when compared at the same ripeness stages. The lycopene concentration of red ripe tomato fruits in HEC and DHEC treatments was 29% greater than that in low EC control (LEC treatment). However, there was no significant difference in lycopene concentration between HEC and DHEC. Both DHEC and HEC increased total soluble solid concentration (TSS) of red ripe tomato fruits compared with those grown in LEC; while the DHEC showed an increase of fruit TSS of 12%, the HEC had a greater enhancement of TSS of 19%. In addition, the fruit ripeness was accelerated under high EC, regardless of the timing of treatment. High EC treatment at early and mature green fruit developmental stages enhanced both fruit TSS and lycopene concentration; however, the nutrient solution EC effect on lycopene concentration was not dependent on the time of application during fruit development.

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